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\\i

TIj? (Dontreil, Ottiwi and Qeorgiio Bay

N&vi;&tioo.

REPORT

of T. C. Clarke, Esq , C.E., submitted to the
Legislative Assembly, In I860,
together with a

SUPPIs6A16NTAI^y RGPORT

by Mr. Clarke on the Present Aspects of the Undertak

WITH /WAPS AND PROFII96.

OTTAWA :
Paynter & Abbott. Printers and Bookl.iriders. 36 Elgin Street.

1900.

:^'*^.■

Tb? {Doijtreil, OtUwi ^nd Qeorjijuj Biy

N2ivi;&tioQ.

REPORT

of T. C. Clarke, Esq . C.E., submitted to the
Legislative Assembly, in 1860,
together with a

supPbe/wewTARy rgport

by Mr. Clarke on the Present Aspects of the Undertaking.

WITH /VIAPS AND PROFIbe.

OTTAWA :
Paynter & Abbott, Printers and Bookl.inders, 36 Elgin Street.

1900.

M

To .
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Ik:
re

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( To I II

Mr, -I
accord;
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vessels, a

Canal, t(

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suited to

and has

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stnicted

I ost of" tl

which I I

ttihuted i

HKTUKN

To .111 Ailclrcss troin the Lcj^islative Assembly to His IvxccHciicy llic:
(iovcrnor (ic'n-r.il, datcnl the 5th instant, jiraying Mis I'.xcellcncy to
l)t; pleased to cause to he laivl before the i louse, a R(.'turn of the
recent Survey and Report of the I'^nj^ineers on the Ottawa Ship
Canal.

liy Command,

SecKKTARN 'S OlIK i-

)

Ouebec, 19th March, 1S60.J

C. A.LLEYN,

Si'cntafy.

RKI'ORT.

To nu; lldNOKMii): John Rosk, ("onunisssoner of I'liblic Works.

Sir, —I have llic liuiuir to submit iicrewith my Rc|)ort upon llic Ottawa navigation, in
accordance with instructions received troni tiie Department of I'ublic Works, and hereunto
a|)i)ended.

'I'he (iiieslions up')-: whi( ii intorinatiiin is souj;Kt, and to answer which tlie Survey
has l)een carried on tiurinu the past year, are as follows ; -

I, To dL-lermine the practicability ot a navij^ation for vessels of the larger class, be-
tween Montreal and I/ike Huron by way ot the River Ottawa, and its tributary the Malta-
wan, l.ukc N'ipissmguc, and the I'Vench River.

II To ascertain what scale is i)est suited to the n.uure o! the refute.

III. i'o give a reliable estimate ot the cost ot the improvement.

In the liist jjlace, I have to reju^rt that the di>tance between .Montreal and the mouth
(if l''rencli Rivlt (jn Lake Huron (according to the plans furnisheti me by the Depart-
ment,; is. following the line of navig.ilion adopted. 4,^0.76 miles.

That ot this distance ^.ii.^ii miles are already a good natural navigation, and recjuire
no improvcmcnl, and that It is |)ertc(tly practicable so to improve the remaining /S.y5
mile-:, as to ciisivert the whole chain of waters into a t'lrst class navigation for steam
vessels, and to reduce the length of canalling to 29. 52 miles, or, exclusive of the Lachine
(Janal, to J0..S2 miles.

Secondly -The scale of navigation attainable, and which I would recommend as best
suited to the capabilities of this route, is calculated for vessels of one thousand tons burden,
and has Locks 250 feet long by 45 feet wide, by twelve depth, on the mitre sills.

Finally —.\ careful estimate, resulting from a close instrumental survey of all ob-
structed points, the details of which will be found hereafter, enables me to state that the
cost of this improvement, exclusive of interest, legal expenses and land damages none of
which 1 have any means of ascertaining, will not exceed the sum of $12,057,680, dis-
tiibuted as follows: —

()1I\UA AM' l'l<l.\<ll Rl\l,k N \\ li.A I |{i\.

I»i^lMll(■^•-. I.cM-N.

kivcr^ Nil. Ill I 111

IlMil (.'illl.ll-.

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Cllsl.

LarhiiH' ( '.iiial

I.aki- Si. I.niiis

M. .\lllR'--

LalvL- 111 'r«i> Miiiiiiiaiiis

t'arilKin tn ( in iixilk' . .

( Irci'ii ShuaK

( )ttaua Kivir

CliaiKluii' ami ilf~ Clu iicv

Dc^ Chi iH"~ I.alvf

Chal-

("liat- LaUc

Snow'.s 1(1 I'llack l'all>

River ami I,al<<' (■(niloiij^c

C'liapfau ainl I'Nlel

l)t'u|i River

Joachim's to Mallawaii

Rivi r Maltawaii

.^imniiil level ami cm

I lench River

Adil |-'.Mi;iiieeriliL; ami ."^niiei iiiU-mieiice .

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'rii'.ire are, exclusive of the l.ntiiinc ("anal. jo.Sj miles cil ('anal-, i l)^tin^
$1 .!.o57.6.So, which is t-iiual to $57<;. '.iU p^'' ""'^' ot (^anal. lint the cost ol the whole
navigation, trom St. .\nnes to Lake Huron, 4oS.7(') miles, is luit a tiille iinihr .$29,500
per mile.

Such are the results at the Survey. 'I'he manner in which they have heen attained
will be described under the followinL; general heads.

I. — Physical characteristics ol the Ottawa.

II.- -Methods of Improvement proposed

III. — Character of work and material in locks, dams, canals, vVc.

IV. — Scale ot Naviualion.

\'. — Special description.

VI.— (leneral Remarks,

I. -PHYSICAL (:H.\R.\CTERI.S1K:s ok the O'l'l'.WVA.

Before taking up in detail the method of improvement jiroposed lor this chain of
waters, I shall sketch brieHy the physical geoi^raphy of the Ottawa X'alley, and some of
its prominent geoloj^ical features. Nor is this foreign to an l',ngineering report, lor, in
order to clearly understand the matter of the changes pro[)osed, we must first get a cor-
rect idea of things as they are.

Rivers have been well defined as the channels by which the water, originally evapor-
ated from the sea, and falling upon the land, is returned to the sea again, and the volume
of water discharged is the excess of precipitation over evaporation throughout thefvalley of
any river, varying directly with the area of drainage, the rain-producing character of the
atmosphere, and the nature of the soil.

Their i)osition is determined by the laws of gravity, and they always follow, from the
interior portions of continents to the sea, the line of quickest descent, — that is, the line
of lowest level, whether resulting from upheaval, denudation, or the combined effects of
both.

:\

The <haracteristi(:s of rivvr^ arc much modinnd by the nature of the j^cological furin-
atioiis lhroui;h which they pass, and their ditfercni puwcrs ot rL->istan( e to the trans|)(trt-
inn and eroding ciTcrt ui the waters.

In a country hased upon sedimentary rock-., \vhi( h are not hard enou^;h to resist
the force of the < urrent, and generally do not appear aDove the surface at ali, the form-
ation of river channels is a [jrocess similar to that which we see when a shower falls upor»
a newly cultivated fielcl. The water follows the lint of (juickest djscent, hut meeting
material of different degrees of hardness, it meanders about from right to left and as-
sumes a sinuous course : i:s constant ten(ien(y being to elongate its channel and conse-
ciuently dinnnish its slope 'IMie^e windings arc so great in some rivers as to double their
length, as HI the case of tile Mississippi, between the Ohio and tin (lulf of Mexico.
When the length of the channel has been so much increased as to diminish the slope,
and the C(jnse(|uenl veloi ity of the cuireiU to sik h a rale that it will eat inti> the shores
no longer, the regime is said to be established.

Mut in a formaiion composed of the harder ( rystalline rocks whi( h obtrude them-
selves above the surface, the w;Uers have not the same powrr to form f(jr themselves
channels : and the characteristics of the rivers of such a < nunlry are very liifferent from
those previously described.

'I'he irregular depressions and clefts in the siirfa( e be( onie f'llled with water, and
form Lakes, whose overflow tumbles in cascades and rapids, over the rocky barriers
which it cannct destn<y, until it finds its way into other l.ake>, lying at a lower level and
from these to others, until at last it is receiveil in some sue h arm of the sea as the (lulf
of .St. Lawrence, or Hudson's I '.ay.

.\ glance at the map of our cf)ntinent will show at once the distinctive peculiarities
of the tw(j systems ; norlh of the .St. i .awrent c, in the region of crystalline rocks, the
country is dotted with Lakes and the connectinj^ rivers are generally short. In what
may be termed the Mississip|)i system, there are but few Lakes, and the rivers are long,
and marked by a jief iiliar sinuosity ot course.

Owing to the absence of the harder rocks, there are btit lew ca.scade> and rapids.
The currents are strong, but all the tributaries of the .Mississippi have at some seasons of
the year a natural navigation for boats of light draft of water.

(Jn what we may call the northern river system, the navigali(jn consists of stretches
of deej) and iitill water, interrupted by ia|)ids and tails : around which the light canoes of
the voyageurs are portaged by hand.

The ot)stacles to the imitrovement of these two river systems are of an entirely op-
posite nature. The |)roblem in the one case is to regulate the natural flow, so as to re-
tain sufficient depth for navigation in summer, and to defend the surrounding country
from the disastrous inundations caused by Spring floods, which often rise to a height of
fifty or sixty feet above the Summer level, and would jirobably sweep away any artificial
works intended for the improvement of navigation. .\s the country becomes more widely
jettled, and a larger area of timbered land is c Icared away, the evil increases ; for swam|)s
diminish evaporation, and actas natural reservoirs to moderate the violence of torrents.

Our river system, fortunately for us, is furnished with a series of reservoirs, which
cannot be destroyed, in the Lakes themselves. These Lakes receive the waters from the
melting of the snows in the spring, and hold them steered up against the summer heats.
Hence the beautiful uniformity of the flow of our rivers. The St. Lawrence, unless
danmied by ice, seldom rises over four or five feet : and the average rise of the Ottawa,
where free ffoin obstructions, is about twelve. There are few more l)eautiful illustrations
of that beneticient design, which adapts the physir al structure of the earth to the wants of
its inhabitants than this ; for, from the unretentive nature of the soil, the rain would es-
cape nearly as fast as it fell ; and the northern rivers would be torrents at one time, and
nearly dry for the rest of the year, were it not for the.se natural reservoirs in which the
surplus waters have been stored uj) among the hills.

To improve the navigation of such a river system is a comi)aratively simple matter,
for the greater part is already done to our hand, and we have only to devise some means
ot getting from one Lake to another, and our task is accomplished.

This brief sketch of the more prominent peculiarities of the northern river system
of this Continent, will enable us readily to comprehend the physical characteristics of
the Ottawa, the largest of the tributaries of the St. Lawrence.

4

lis total Icnulli (loni iis soiii(v, near the licads ol tlir Sai;iitnay and St. Maiiriro
ac«.f)r(lin^; to Sii U'llliain l.')-aii, troin wlicm i- it (li's( rihis ncarl) tlu' halt of a cirrlc in
its (oursc, until it talis into tiji' St. l/awrcnrf ;it the Island ot .Montreal, is over seven
hundred miles ; and it drains an aita ot not less than i.i.nlity tiioiisand sqiiaic miles.

I'roiii the I'ahle ol Kivcrs (sec .\|i|)endi\ I'.) it will he seen that its si/e is ahoiit
eiiual to that <;l the Khme. and lis ^rcai reu'ilaiity ol (low, paiiii nlarly as rom|>are(i with
such iivei-- as the Ohio and Rhine, will he i vident.

Tills ,s I iinri|iahy owir^ to its numerous hik-'s, as heloie i leiilioned ; hut m some
dcj^reeto the I'ai t, ih.it, tioin the dilTeienr.^ oi latitude, ilu; -.f ii.is melted and passed
nit ol Its Southern trinutaaie^. helore its ' north water,' ,is u is railed i omes down.

riu two ttreat L;".('!oi;i(al divisions of its roi ks are I.aiirentian and Silurian.

Thi

I.aurentian rocks are supposed hy j^coloi^ists to have heen the surfaie ot the then existing
continent, and the lloor o\ the sea upon which tlie sedimentaiy Silurian ro<:ks were
de|)osited.

The outlines ot the shores of this aiv lenl continent followed the Nurih hank of the
St. i.awrt.nce, and tiu ive ran up the ( >;iaw.i, skirting its north shore at varying distances.
The |)resent Ottawa \ .iliey. as far up as Deep Kiver, sei.ins to h.ive been a hay or inlet
of the Siluri.ui Sea ; hiuiudeil on the North ,ind \\ est hy the mam ( ontiiient, and on the
South hy a iieninsula wl ich runs into Northern N\\v \( rk, and forms that wild section
of country ol which the .\<iirondack .Mountains aiethe I'.astern boundary. 1 he River St.
Lawrence has br 'ken throU);h the istluniis which connei ted tliis iieninsula with the main
land, in a ^real number of (hannels. rorinin^ the celei")rated ^roiip ol the I'housand Islands.

I'he surfa<'e ol this 1 .aureiUian Innnaiion i-. eMremel)' ruuui d. and the nx ks are
contorted in a manner that --iiow's tlie action of some e.xtraordinary forre. There is little
levelland, and the hollows between the roiky hills i.re niUd with innumerable lakes,
whose water is i lear and deep. 'The whule region shews the wearing I'lTect of water, and
has evidently been mu< h inllueiiced by ^l.ici.il action, as m.iy be seen Ikjiii the grooved
appearance of the rf)cks and the hiils, and the huge deposits of boulders that cjioke up
jjortions ot the river beds. The rorks consist chiefly of micaceou> and hornblendic
gneiss, mica slates, and veins of crystalline limestone.

The Silurian roi ks, on the other hand, are sandstones .uid limestones ; lying in reg-
ular strata, ll.it and undisturbed as when deposited on the lloor of the ocean.

I'he truth of the observation ot Hugh .Miller that the jihysiognomy of the landscape
depends upon its geology, is nowhere more evident than upon the L'|i|)erand Lower <> tlawa.

Trom .Montreal to I )cep River the ( )itaw.i runs in .i Siluri.ui valley : .ilthough at some
points, as the " Rocher T'endii" and the (."hat--, the crystallini' rocks shew themselves in
the channel of the river. 'The general features of the landsfajie arc those of a level
country, like that or all limestone formations. Uocky barriers have jienned back the
waters into long lakes, like the I )es (Jhenes anil C^liats. whose shores are low and flat, and
generally cultivated to the water's edge with fertile farms. 'The timber is hardwood,
principally beech, maple, ash and elm. The width of these sheets of water is from half a
mile up to two miles. Along the Northern shore at varying distances, runs the unbroken
outline of the Laurenlian hills ; which, as has been staled, were probably once clilTs
against which beat the waves of a Silurian sea.

.\bove I >eep River the character of the landscape changes. We are now entering
upon the oldest part of our continent, whose rugged masses and contorted outlines speak
ol the convulsions of former ages. The hills that had admitted a strij) of level
country between their bases and the river now crowd close upon its edge, and rise pre-
ciijitous. in some places to the height of seven or eight hundred feet. Tht groves ot
hardwood give place to those vast forests of pine of which the wealth ot" the Ottawa
chiefly consists, and the clearings are few and unimportant

An we advance, the scenery becomes more wild and rugged, and the pictures(]ue
beauty of the cliflTs and cascades of the Mattawan, and of the lonely isles of Krench river,
is unrivelled in any part of the continent.

Lake Nipissing is of irregular shape, from forty to fifty miles lon{{ and twelve to
eighteen wide, and receives the water of seven rivers : two of them, the Sturgeon and
Nauwanitigone, of considerable size. The south and west shores are bold, and the depth
of water is great, 'i'he north and east shores are low and flat, and the water shoals

gradually. 'I'he westtrn end ol the Lake is lillcd with islands, and the shores are cut up
with inlets ending in marshes.

I'he Mattawa I nd I' rench Rivers consist of a series ot ionj; and narrow lakes, of
great depth and skigi.;iHh (iirrtnt, the waters esi;ipini; from i ;i( h into the next below over
natural dams of rock, W hert-ver, Irom ;;rcaicr softness or a more imfavorabie disposition
ot the strata (or resist;in<e, 'thi'-e rcuky ciams have liteii nuK h worn down, the current
is stronger, and it may he seen Iroiii the ruunued and wave worn appearam e ot the rock-
bound shoies. that t(ie lake above hiis oncf maintained a hii;hei level than it now holds.

On the ( )itawa, from the Matt.iwa to Deep Kiver. there arc strong currents, and the
character of tlie \\ater is more ri\ei ilian lake hke.

MK'I'MOI) ol IMl'KOVKMKNI I'ROl'OSKD.

i'"roiu the prec eding skeic h. the following conclusions mav be cieduc:ed : —

That there are two great natural divisions cif the Ottawa country ; on one of which
the banks of the river are low, and the rocks generally soft ; while on tlie other the shores
are precipitous, and the roc ks hard.

I'hat th '*"awi is a river of very even flow, and n )t subjci't to sudden rise or de-
structive fresh<Ub.

That thj e.xtcnt ot obstructed water requiring iini)rovement is but a small proportion
of till- whole, and that the greater part is a chain of inland lakes, affording a good natural
navigation.

How to correct these unobstructed (larts is the ipiestion now to be considered.

When a river is obstructed t)y ("alls anil rapids, there are several methods of making
it navigable.

I. We may c:ut L'anal< aronnci the rapids, an 1 lork up and down through them,
keeping away tro n the river, and letting it entirely alone.

II. We may throw dams across the channel of the river and convert tlie rapids into
a series of still lakes, and lock directly from one into another.

III. Wc may combine these metho Is by c.inalling around r.ipids, and using low
dams to give tlie recpiired depth, and to drown out currents between canals.

Sometimes one of these methods is most a|)plicable to a jiartic ular locality, and
sometimes another ; and the judgment of the engineer is shown by his choosing that
which best suits the circumstances o( the case.

On the lower Ottawa, where the Lakes are long and deep, and the shores lov and
highly cultivated, it would be unwise to attempt to alter the existing levels, for we should
drown a large e.xtent c»t country, thereby destroying arable land, and probably rendering
what was le(t unhealthy. Whatever plan is iirojKjsed will carefully avoid disturbing the
long levels.

Hut fortunately for the project, on the greater i)art o( the river, where the water is
recjuiredto be raised, the shores are i).)ld, and the desired lift would overflow but little
land. Mere we have only to raise the natural dams or rcjefs of rocks to the desired
height, by ariiticia! structures, thus restoring a condition of things which possibly existed
before the ceaseless rush of waters, or glacial action had worn the rock dams down to
their present state.

Wherever canalling is resorted to, the canal will follow the shore, and be con-
structed by embankments rather than in excavation, on account of the great saving of
expense over thorough cuts in solid rock, t)\ the large dimensions necess.iry for the navi-
gation.

The whole key to the system of improvement proposed for the Ottawa is comprised
in two propositions.

i. Follow the natural bed of the river, and avc)id cutting into the rocky shores.

II. (lam the depth rec]uired for n- .igation by raising the scjrface of the water rather
than by submarine rock excavation.

We may lay it down as a general principle that, although on the lower part of the river
where the shores are flat and lie upon sedimentary rocks, we could dispense with the use of

*NorK. — When the lip of the strata is in the direction of the ciirrpni, the w.iter has only an erosive
force ; l)Ul where it is against the ciirreni, the strat.\ are iiniiermineii, (all frcnn their own weight, ami are
broken to pieces, ami the next tlooil carries ihc deliris away clown the stream.

6

dams ; yet as soon as we enter upon lliose portions wliere the river lias cut its lied through
crystalline rocks, (which is more than lull the whole disiaixc l'ron\ Montreal to Lake
Huron), the only mode by which a navigation can be made at all is by raising the water
by dams.

'I'here is not now depth enough of water ; the cnrrenis are too strong to In: over-
come ; and as the shores rise almost perpendicular from the water's edge, there is no
room to construct laiials ; moreover, even if there were room, the length of arliliciil
canal required would be so great as to condemn the prtiject ; and there can lie no doul)t
of the sui)eriority of a still deep, lake from two to three hundred yards wide, tor purposes
iif navigation, over a canal ol litly yards in width.

I'ortunately every existmg condition tavors this moiie of construction.

I'he bed ot the river consists of hard crystalline rocks, worn smooth and gcnerall\-
free from boulders ; and the shores o( the same material rise abruptly on either side,
diminishing the length of the dam reipiired.

Points can be olitained where the water is shallow, and where there are rockv islaniis
which will act as natural buttresses I'or the structure. I'nder these cucumstances there
is no more danger ot a projierly constructed llat dam i)eiiig disturoed than one of tlij
islands themselves.

.\s has been previously said, the O'tawa is not a river subject to sudden rise or
extraortlin. Hoods. It never averages over three inches in twenty four hours for any
number of .. .ys in succession : its ct)mmon rise is one in<h per day. Its rise to its high
water mark, stand, and subsequent tall, occur every year at nearly the same dates, with the
utmost regularity. (See appendix tor Table •'(".")

There is very little shove of ice in the Ottawa, where dams would i)e reijuired.

.So ample is the volume of water, even in the driest time, that notwithstanding
leakage and the effect of wind blowing down stream, the dai is would be always submerged,
with from one to two teet ot water running over their crests.

.\ very important effect of dams upon the Ottawa will i)e to diminish the variation
between high and low water. This is always proved to be the case wherever they are
built, for there is a greater area to be filled up by the Hood waters before they can rise ;
and th.e dis( harge over the top of a dam is so tree that the water can m.-ver rise above it
to the same extent that it lioes m a river channel obstructed by islands and sunken
rocks.

in designing a system of dams for the Ottawa improvement, we should have the
actual volume of water discharged both at the lowest and highest recorded stages. This
would reipiire a series of gauges in different i)aris ot the river, taken for a term of years,
until the greatest and least (low was as<'ertained Irom actual measurement.

.•\s the time of this survey has been limileil to one season, I < annot i)retend to have
attained such aecurac'y ; nor, merel\' for the juiriiose of an estimate of cost, is it necessary.
It is only requisite, for that put pose, tliat what is assumed as the greatest and least volume
should cover the extreme limits of variation

The results of several guages give, for the summer volume of discharge, at Portage
du Kort, ^^1,000 cubic feet per second, and that of high water, 127,000 cubic feet per
second. I'Vcmi anything on record, it does not api)ear probable that the least discharge
ever falls below 25,000 cubic feet per second, or the greatest over 130,000 These
([uanlities, I'lerefore, have been assumed as a maxim and miminiun (see .Appendix,
Table "D")

Where the dams themselves act as waste weirs, it has been thought preferable to
raise the masonry of tbe upper or guard lock, and allow the water to rise as high as it
would upon the crests of the dams, rather than to attempt to control it by guard gates in
the body of the dams, as this would be introducing a perishable material, and mode of
construction, into the body of the work.

'l"he height at which the water will stand upon the crests of the dams for different
volumes of discharge, has been calculated by the formula tor weirs, originally due to the
investigations of Du Buat.

Let Q be the number of cubic feet per second, and L the length of the overfall o'
dam be known and we can obtain :

II. - Ti!0 height at which the water will stand above the crest of the dam from the
simple e(iiiation H-( i) )~i

I'.y this formuia the table of dams (see ajjpendix I)) was calculated, and the height
of the co|-ing of guard locks established.

It will be seen that these dams will have from 1.31 to 3.51 of water running over
them at low water. Vet for pur|)oses of estimating, their crests have been assumed to be
as iiigh as the level of water above them, which gives excess of material.

One other ])oint demands notice. We know that by dams we can drown out cur-
rents, in these Lakes themselves, strong enougli tt) affect navigation.

'ri\e velocity of any (iirrcnt depends directly upon the area of llowage. When that
is large in projjortion to the volume, the velocity is slow ; and as the area diminishes,
the velocity increases, in ouler that eipial voIuiiils may pass in e(|ual times. Mow great
this velocity will heat an> |)oint is strictly a matter of calculation, founded on well known
hydraulic laws. Without here giving details, it is sufficient to state in general terms that
the present area of llowage will be so much enlarged by the depth of water thrown on by
dams, that no greater velocity of current need be apprehended than three miles an hour,
at any |)oint, even during the six or sever weeks ot higli water ; and during the rest of the
season the currents will be entirely imperceptible."*

III. .MirillO!) OK IMl'ROVKMlCNr TROI'DSKl).

to
it
in
of

int
he

In accordance with the instructions of the I )epartment, the (piality of the works is
proposed to be not inferior to the standard of the St. Lawrence (Janais ; and every thing
has been designed as substantial as jjossible. It is believed that there will be nothing
perishatile but the lock gates on the whole line.

Dams, where carried above water, will be of rough but strong rulible masonry laid
in cement ; wherever the water runs constantly over them they will be tlat timber dams
composed of solid timber laid up crib-fashion, without fiaming, fastened with '4 inch
sipiare l)olts, 20 inches long, at each crossing rock bolts ^^ inch round ; to be filled with
loose stone, covered with 4 inch ])lank, well spiked, and staunched with gravel, similar to
those usually constructed by the Department in connection with timber slides.

In most places the water can be diverted by a rough coffer dam, and the permanent
structure commenced directly ujMin the flat rock. 'This operation is much facilitated by
the numerous channels into which the river is divided, at the pcints selected, by large
and small islands. The dams can be run from one island to another, and passages left
for the discharge of the waters, which can be afterwards closed.

When the water is deep, recourse must be had to the system of sinking cribs. The
dam should, where possible, be laid out upon segments of circles arching up stream ; a'

*TiK' invi>lii;alioii nl liu' l:iws that t;i)Vfrn tlu' Mow i>r walcr over wiois is imo of tlii' must iiiipoilaii
lirandu's of hydi.uilii' (.iii^iiiiitini;, aiul has n'ci'iviii llic altoiitioii ol inaiiy tiniiioiil savants, among
wlioiu may lie p.irliciil.n ly mciuininil Dii iliial, I'astil, I'oiiciKt, l.isliros, Daiilmissioii, in I'raiici' ;
Mylolwi-iii, Wiisliaih. in ( iirmany : llu' Ktnnus, Sir jolin Lisiif, and Tlinm.is 11. lUackwcll, in llii^laml ;
and lamis 11. I'lancis, of l.owilj, in the I'niUd Slalfs.

.Ml llu' iidi's and fornnd.v ditivcd Ironi tliiii iiivcslii;ations arc founded on that natural law t^ovcril-
in^; lh(.' vi'lociiy of lluiils, known as the lliioicm o( 'I'oiricelli, moihlicd l)y co-iltiiicnl-. olilaiiU'd by com-
pariiij; llic ri'siills dorivi'd Irom it with duisi' hniiishiil hy cx|nrinu'Ul. .\s ihisi' i\|ii^riniL'iUs liavo as
yet lu'cn made on a eomfiar.ilively small scale, we cannot apply tile riile> dc(hiced Irom them to circum-
stance.-; widely dillerint; Irom those under which the e\perimenls were mailn, without iliscrcpancics more
or less ^reat heiiif; found in the results.

The case with wiiich we have to deal is forhmately one where we proceed from the Krealer lo the
less, so that an irror, wlialever it is, is diminished instead of lieini^ increaseil. Were we calculating the
.amount of availaMe watcrpower from the heij;ht on the crest of our dam, a very small ernr either in
observation or in the co-ellicient itsell, would j^ive re.sulls widely dillerin.t; fnuii the trutli ; hut where we
have already t^au);ed the IK)W o( the stream, and only calculated the height for a niveii length of dam, we
know that the calculalc 1 result must, al least, he as close an appro\imati(.n to mathematical truth a' is
the iiuantily expressing the iiumher of cubic feet of water passi'i(r a ^iven area In a second, as obtained
from our t;auj;es.

Nevertheless it would he very desirable to have a series of experiments made, with special reference
to (lelermininj; the actual longiluilinal .section of a lar>;e river, <lammod entirely across, during dillerent
volumes of (lischarf;e, from extreme hi^;ll to low water. Such experiments, il |>roperly made, would not
only bo a very valuable contribution to engineering science, but are almost indispensable to the |)roncr
carrying out of a scheme of the magnitude proposed in this Report.

mode f)f construction in which the greater the pressure the tighter the dam Every
altcrnaie crib should l)u lowcrcil to its place, sunk, and fastened to the rock with heavy
iron holt-.

'I'll-' key crl'is sh)ti'il ilun bo 11 jated in to fill u,) llu spicos, and the whole sheet
piled oil the up st renin side

Up )ii tills level su;l.ii e the su|)eisinir;iiie of the iLit ^1,1111 is ( ariied iij) in :hc usual
way. ( ieiieially liie lev, Is c.iii he so .iir.ir,.;ed ;is In leceive tiie suM ol liie li. nn i'lto deep
water ; where tin; i- i:\\l not hj d iin: an a.<ron of r,o.,d ii.iii)jr ii.ti hjjii provided lo p.o-
tecl the r.'( 1< helow.

'I'liiii) r and stone suil.ihlc for d.iins are found aOandaivly 'ii .ill puts of tlie route,
and there are no points where tiielr con-.truetion o.'Vers greater d lii'iil'.ies ihnn h ive been
successtully overeouij Oy lae eir.eiprise (jt tiie lainoenneii oil 'iie wiou^aries of the
Oltawii.

d'ae 1 ) ki are iatei 1 'd I) he l)-.iilt ot' sound and dara i!'.- soiie, 1 1'd in hyd' lulic
cenun;, w.ta liae hasiied 1 1'X-, cut to ipiirter iiii.h j lint-;, bie.ca^ ot r •> tan^^i'ar s one,
with pira.Ii'l h.'d,liidt) oae in;ii j a at. an 1 well h m 1 1 lo fi-ewoik. 'l\ie ro :k is
l^enerally assumed to he s laiul, hat a light limber foundation, laid in concreie, is pro-
videii for under the recesses.

'riie t;Ues are designed of solid timber, in the stvle now used on the St. Lawrence
Canals. ICich i^ale will liave two sluices 10' (>' \ 2 0 , and culverts around 'he hollow
quoins to l)e used in c.ise of acciilent to ilie sluices, or lo.;etlier with them if re(piiretl. —
The arrangement for opening and sluiliing ga'es should be of tao mosi ap[)ioved kind :
and it is b.;lieved that a I jck ige need not take over tea miiuues, the averigc time on
those locks of the Si. Lawrence (Janais, where the latest improvements in machinery and
gites are used.

In arranging the lo(ka.;e it h.as not been fjunci necessary to place in ire than two
locks ill ci.in'ain iiion, except at the Talon (!aure, where tiiree h.ive been combined, the
contour of the ground prohibiting any other arrangement.

The cost of the execuli<jn of this work will depend, more than anything else, upon
the character of the rock, its hardness in excavation, and its suit.ibleness for purposes of
construction, .'Vs has been before stated, the two great divisions of the Ottawa rocks are
Laurentian and Silurian. The former are very hard, dilHicult to work, and too brittle for
the face stone of locks ; while, on the other hand, the Silurian lime and sandstones are
easily excavated, and, from the upi)er beds of the limestone known as the Trenton
group, we can procure a bu'ldinR material excellent in every respect, both as regards ease
of workmanship, strength and durability. From some of the .\rgilla''euus beds a good
hydraulic cement can be obtained, such as is now made at Hull, opposite Ottawa City.

We know, then, that from Montreal to Deep River, building stone lies all around us,
but from th It p »int to Like Huron, it was much to be feared that ihe stone of the
country, although good enough for b.ickmg lock walls, filling lock dams, and rough
masonry in general, could not be dep.aided on for face work. Luckily, however, this is
not true of the whole of that extent of country. .\ bed of yellow weathering, fossili-
ferous limestone, on the North-east shore of the river, a little above the Deux Rivieres
Rapids, will afford good stone for the structures in that district and on the lower Mat-
tawan.

At Talon Chute there is a vast mass of crystalline limestone, described in the Geo-
logical Rei)ort, which is a fine grained and tolerably tough stone, and appears to be good
enough for face work. Tne locks at that jjoinl have been estimated to be built of it.

'The face work of the remiinder of the locks upon the lower NLittawan is designed
to be built from a (juarry of gray granite (probably an intrusive dyke) on the north side,
about half a mile from the river, below Pares-^eux Chute.

For the structures on French River, the face stone must come from the beds of
Niagara limestone, on the Manitoiilin Islands of Lake Huron. This will much increase
the cost of that portion of the work, and render its construction necessarily gradual.

IV. SCALE OF NAVIGATION.

The first point to consider is, whether we are designing a local or a through Naviga-
tion. This would be decided by the general depth of the chain of waters, the difficulties

9

It::,

of overcoming; the summit, the siipp'y of water, and other points, more or less closely
connected with the pn;ccdin{;.

'I">) iliese my intention was first directed, and after careful personal examinations of
the wliole route, aidL-ii by the i;rai)liic report of Mr. Siianly and the result of such Surveys
as were at tlie time made, I was able dL'finituly t') decide, tiiat, whatever scale was fixed
on sliould 1)0 wuh the view of cdrnpleting, at some future day, tlie through line of Navi-
gation.

It must i)e home in mind that this is exclusively a steam navigation ; sails, although
useful aiiNili.uies, would nuver alone enable vessels to pass through this route, with any
saving (if lime over that by liie W'elland (";m;il*

.'iic next jioiiu is, whether we shall build locks fitted for large vessels ; or whether,
pre^trving tlie dimensions suited to an inland and Local Navigation, we siiall cause a
tr.inslii]iment to lake place at the mouth of French River, which is about half way be
tween (^liiiago and Montreal by this route.

This ipiestioM is determined by the length of Canal (or what is cipiivalent in delay
to an artificial cm ) on the route where a large proportion of the distance is canal. I
sho'ild then te^vimmend tninshipment ; for I believe tiie unwieldness of large vessels, on
accLUnt of their top b.iinper being arted on by the wintl, — the risk of damage to the ves-
sels an(i to the wotks in the nuiow channel ot the (!anal. and the delay arising from
tlusi' c ;iii-c--., wouKi more tiian i)alance the cost and trouiilc of transhi|)menl into steam
barges better siiiied lor l.'anal navigation.!

.\s soon as I iiad ascertained that the length of Canal on the whole roiite, including
Lachine, would not exceed 21/32 miles and that the remaining 401 "44 miles could be
made a naviL;aiion allowing of as rapid a transit as the great Lakes themselves ; and in-
deed more so, so fir as freedom from liead winds and storms is concerned ; I was then
prep.Ui d to recomuieiui the larger scale, and an unbroken line of Navigation.

it only remains to deride how large. When crops are good, and full freights offer,
it is an admitted axiom, that, the larger the V'^>;sels the cheaper the cost of transport. It
is a fortunate pecularity of this route that vessels can always depend upon making up
full freights of sawed lumber from the inexhaustable pine forests of the Ottawa, manu-
factured at every dam on the river.

It requires then, I think, no argument to prove that we cannot err in providing to
let down to Montreal the largest class of Propellers, now confined to the Upper Lakes by
the limited size of the W'elland Canal.

From these data, and after consultation with various jiersons experienced in the Lake
Trade, I hive fixed iijjon the dimensions given, as follows: —

The length proposed by Mr. Shanly, and suggested in the instructions of the De-
partment, 250 (eet, is long enough for vessels of the desired touage. It does not, iiow-
ever, seem desir.ible to exceed the breadth of the St. Lawrence Canals. 45 feet ; because
this is in itself wide enough ; and because it makes the enlargement of the Lachine Canal
attainable, without pulling down the present lock walls.

The depth has i)een fixed at 12 feet, which is absolutely necessary if we wish to ad-
mit vessels ot over six hundred tons, as will be seen from the table of large Propellers
(given in Appendix K) for which I am indebted to the kindness of Capt. I). B Dobbins,
Secretary of the ])oaid of Lake Underwriters, lUifTalo, N. Y.

ta-
les

*\Vhen the (|Ucsiion dF llic iTil.irgcnieiit of ttio Kric Canal c.iiiie up sume years aj^o, this |Kiint was
<liscussc'<l vi'ry llininiiplily, iiuil llio i>|iiniiiii of f.>r\var.ii;rs w s ihat, if ihc l'",rie Canal were lar^e enoi.i};h to
nihnit ve^^els of 1,000 tons, they would >till prefer to Iransiiip at Diill.ilo.

•f- In this I am suiiporteil by the opinion of Mr. Shanly. who has in his report so well ex[)rcsscil the
character of this route, that I shall make no apoloi;y for (pioting il here.

" It is as :i Steam N.ivigation, aivl more especially for that denomination of Steamers known as "Pro-
pellers," that I believe the Dtlawa and i'rench River route is destiiH<l to hold a first place as a Channel
of Trade. For vessels of that description the character of the waters, and of the region on either side of
them, is peculiarly titled. Land locked for the t;reater portion of the way, the route will not in that re-
spect be as advantageous for Sailing Craft as that by the great Lakes, but ihe inexhaustiiile supplies of
wood at all points along it, and the facilities for taking iheir fuel on board at freipient intervals, will for-
ever rentier the cost of working Steam Vessels lower on this than on any equal lenijth of Navigation on the
continent. Here, too, the Tropeller can keep the even tenor of its way heedless of the storms which,
sweeping .icross the Lakes in the Autumn of each year, cause such immense destruction of life and
property."

10

Although, through the heavy cuttings, as where the distance is short, I have fol-
lowed the width recommended by the Department, I oo feet on the bottom, I have not
hesitated to increase the prism of the Canal generally to 146 feet on bottom ; as I believe
that is not more than is required for vessels to pass with speed and safety. The depth
has been fixed at one foot more than the locks — say 13 feet ; and in Lakes and Rivers
will be 15 feet, and generally average 20 feet.

V.-SPECIAL DESCRIPTIOiN.

Commencing at the City of Montreal, we have the Lachine Canal common to both
the St. Lawrence and Ottawa routes. It is 8.5 miles long ; has five locks, 200 ft. x 45 x 9,
with a total lockage of 43. 715 feet. The prism of the Canal is 80 feet on the bottom, 120
at water surface, and averages 10 feet deep. This would have to be deepened, and the
locks lengthened to admit vessels of the same tonnage as could pass the proposied Ottawa
Canals.

As neither the time nor means at my disposal have enabled me to make a survey of
this, I have not included it in my estimate. The enlargemept involves no serious obsta-
cles, and will, probablv, be made whether the Ottawa Navigation is opened or not,

A map of Lake St. Louis, made tor the Commissioners of the St. Lawrence improve-
ment, in 1842, by A. LaRue, P. L. S., shows a channel depth, somewhat circuitous, of not
less than 15 feet from Lachine to Isle Perrot. For reasons given above. I have not made
any survey here, but am informed by pilots that there are 15 feet, and over, along the
North Shore of Isle Perrot, up to the foot of the present St. Annes Lock. I have my-
self, taken soundings for half a mile below the lock, and over that distance can corrobor-
ate the truth of their statement ; but it is much to be desired that there should be a new
survey with soundings carefully made from St. Annes Lock to Lachine.

SAINT ANNES.

Length of Canal, 1.19 miles.

1 Lock, I ft. lift, L.W. ; 3.5 ft., H.W.

Canal above, 125 ft. wide by 5000 ft. long.

Guard pier below, 1000 feet long.

Estimated cost, $469,672.

I jiropose to enlarge the ])resent lock to the requisite dimensions, as it occupies the
best point that can be selected. In order to do this it will be necessary to put in a coffer
dam and pump it dry, take down the east wall, and get the pit sunk to the proper depth,
as early in the spring as the weather will admit of laying stone. Then by working night
and pay. it would be possible to complete the new lock without dehtving the opening of
the navigation for more than three or four weeks.

I will be necessary to build a guard pier 1000 feet long helow the lock, on the side
next the rapid, to cut off the current, which, at high water, is strong enough to incommode
vessels very much. This will be an ordinary crib-pier filled with stone.

Above the lock, the river bed is Potsdam Sandstone, in strata of from five to eigh-
teen inches thick, somewhat tilted upon one another, and covered with boulders from
the Laurentian rocks. The average depth, from the head of the lock tc
the water suddenly deepens to eighteen feet, is eight feet, and the
feet.

I propose to make a double line of timber piers, 15 feet wide and 1 15 feet apart, for
the whole distance. Half of the width of each pier to be filled with earth lining and
sheetpiled, and the enclosed area divided into sections by water-tight bulk heaks. The
rock is seamy and would leak a good deal but by puttiug in powerful steam pumps and
shortening the length of the section to be laid dry in proportion to the leakage, it would
be perfectly practicable to keep down the water until the excavation was made to the
required depth of five feet. The stone would be used to fill the outside compartments of
the piers, and the excess deposited outside of that. The bulkheads would be removed,
and the whole thing would be an artificial canal 125 feet wide, and 13 feet deep, in the
bed of the river, while the piers would serve as guides to keep vessels from straying out
of the channel. I have been particular to describe this in detail, as a simlar method wiil
be proposed for submarine rock excavation wherever it may occur.

a point where
distance 5000

II

h-
>in
:re
oo

"or
nd
he
nd

Id
he

of

The face and backing of locks IS estimated to come fnnii the neighboring quarries
of Cha/.y limestone at I'oini Claire of which the piers of the Victoria Bridge are built ;
filling of cribs out of the excavation.

This is unijiiestionably the best way to make the improvement, for were the pro-
posed canal located on the shores of the Island of Montreal, as has oeen sometimes
|)ro])Osed, the amount of under water rock excavation required to reach 15 (eet of water
from the shore, both above and below, would actually exceed that on the line 1 propost,
and we should have, in addition, an enormous amount of excavation on land, and an ex-
pensive bridge to build for the (Irand Trunk Railway.

lAKK OK TWO M(>UNTAINS.

The head of the Saint Aiines Cana would be 23 miles from Montieal. Krom the
23rd to 24th mile, according to the surveys of \V. 1>. (lallwcy, C K., |)!actd in my hands
by the duiiartment, it has a depth of from 20 10 30 feet. Fiom ihe 24th tu the 26}jth
milt, the low water depth does not exceed 13 to 14 feet, and I am unable to say whether
the l)ottom is rock or sonic material that could, if required, be dredged. From the
2(jJ.jih mile to the foot ol the Carillon rapids at the 47 ^th mile, the channel is 50 feet
j,nd the navigation is straight and uninqieded.

Carillon.

Length ol Canal 0.5 miles.

2 locks, 12 ami 5 feet litt ; passing basin, 2000 ft. long.

Rolling Dam, ijuo ft. overfall ; litt ot water, 6.25 feet.

Estimated cost, $307,742.

At Carillon the river is obstructed for 1 3 miles by a reef of calciferous sandstone
with only two or three feet of water running over it, excejjt in the ''Sickle'' channel,
about 150 ft. wide and 9 or 10 deep, and, as its name imphes, very crooked. The fall,
at the stage of water when we levelled it, was 8.75 feet.

'I'his has been overcome by the military canal, built by the Impeiial Government,
2 09 miles long ; locks uj), 23 leet, by two locks 128 x 32.5 x 55, and down again 13
to 15 feel by one lock of the same size, and is fed from the North river. The prism of
tiie canal is very irregular, being from 18 to 40 feet wide on bottom, and 50 to 80 at
surface, say 5.5 deep in the centre, gradually shoaling to each side. It runs from 5 to
16 feet cutting to water surface, principally rock.

The locks are in a \ery ruinous state, and cannot last many years longer in their
present condition.

The great amount of rock excavation necessary to enlarge this canal to the new
scale, its twelve to fifteen feet of unnecessary lockage, and bad location of the lower
lock, forbid us attempting to improve the present work.

I have located the new canal on the south shore of the river. The water is 25 to
30 feet deep up to the lower lock, which is at the foot of the current, near the house of
the late Judge Macdonald, Point Fortune. The passing basin is defended from the river
by a wall of stone laid in cement battering 2" in 12", backed by a bank of loose rock
out of the excavation, sloping 1 ^ to i towards the river, and the whole paved with stone
set on edge. The rolling dam stands on flat rock, free from boulders, and except in the
channel, the depth of water is not over two feet. It will have a slide for timber, ind the
height of water above its crest will range from 2.57 to 8. 11 feet.

By removing some fifty thousand cubic yards of rock between the upper lock and
the head of the rapid, this dam across the river could be dispensed with. On referring
to the map it will be seen that the proposed canal occupies the place of the side dam
just constructed. To gather enough depth of water to run deal and timber cribs, as we
are obliged to destroy this channel, we must provide a new one ; and there is no way so
practicable as to raise the water by a dam, which shall contain a broad and short slide
leading directly into deep water below.

The lock stone will come either from the Pointe Claire quarries, or those of Isle
Bizard. The loose stone for dam filling, out of the excavations, and the stone for the
wall, to be laid in cement, can be got out of the bed of the river in such size and shape
as will enable it to be laid up into a wall with scarcely any dressing. On this account I

h!l

12

have considered that $3 25 yer cubic yard Wi)iild hj sut'ficij.it ; which price iiiijjlies that
but Utile labor is required.

{•IIUTK A lll.ONIHAU.

Length of ranal, 0.07 miles.

One lock, ten fcei lilt.

Rolling dam, over fall, 1750 ft., lift 12 ft.

Light dam, cement masonry, 1550 ft. long.

l*'.stimated c()st,$ 144,51 5.

A stretch ol five miles ot still water over ,p ft deej), brings us to this rapid, about
yoo ft. long, and failing 4 ft. 'I'he Military Canal is here formed by cutting (tff a point
of rock, and has one lock of the same size as at ('arillon. The canal is forty feet wide,
and cut through rock, about th? same depth.

We place the new lock in a channel between the island and the present lock, and
follow the line of reef with one dam, the depth, e.Kcept in channel, not being over two or
three feet. This dam has a slide for timber similar to Carillon.

'I'he ol)ject of raising the water 12 ft. by this d.im is as follows ; — The lower end of
the i)resent (Irenville Canal is through rock cutting. 15y raising the water at the Chute a
Hlondeau, we can follow the river for i.i miles above the present lovver lock of the
Cirenvilie Canal, shortening the new one by so much; and saving a large amount of rock
cutting.*

I'he lock stone is estimated to come fr<mi the same point as Carillon. Stone for
dams can be procured on the spot.

CRENVM.I.r:.

Length of canal, 4.43 miles

One pair ot combined locks, 12 ft. lift each.

Passing basin, 400 ft. long.

One lock 6'j feet lift : prism of canal 150 ft. at surface, 146 on bottom and 13
deep ; at head for 2000 ft., 100 ft. wide on bottom.

Guard lock, i to 1 5 ft. lift.

Estimated cost, $1,197,852.

The bed of the Ottawa, at the foot of the Long Sault, which is an almost continuous
rapid for five miles, with a fall of forty-five feet, consists of calciferous sandstone, covered
with boulders (rom the Laurentian crystalline rocks. These are worn smooth and
polished by the water, are of all si/,es,and in many places entirely conceal the rock in
position. This makes so bad a foundation for artificial structures, that we are driven
perforce out of the bed of the river, and can do nothing lUt enlarge the present Gren-
ville Canal, which is generally well located on a strip of flat land lying between the high
bank and the margin of the river.

As has been stated, we leave the river i.i miles above Greece's Point, and lock up
at once to the (irenville level, in order to raise the bottom of the canal out of cutting.
The new line joins the old one in about a mile, follows it for about a mile and a half,
and then, to avoid rock cuttings, runs along the river's edge, which forms one bank,
while the other is formed by a stone wall laid in cement, backed by a bank of loose rock
out of the excavation of the head, and sloped i ^ to i toward the river, and paved. The
new canal follows the old line, cutting through the neck of land upon which the Village
of Grenville stands. Here, for 2000 feet, the width has been estimated to be 100 feet,
with sides nearly vertjcal. The embankments ('not river wall) are formed by dry bat-
tered wall, backed with earth filling.

If, instead of using these stone walls, laid on dry land, and in cement in river wall,
the embankments were dressed to a slope of i »4 to i and paved, the estimated cost of
this section ccild be reduced about $300,000.

•The Chute a Blondeau is one of the few points on the Ottawa where the phenomenon of "ice-
oacking" takes place.

The floating ice which has come down the Long Sault, is arrested by ihe sheet of still water below
this rapid, jammed under it and "packed," until an ice-dam is formed, raising the river some 25 to 30
feet above its summer level.

The effect of the proposed dam would be to form a still lake for some three miles above it, which
would be frozen over with a thick sheet of ice, and the "packing" if it took place at all, would be re-
moved some three miles up the river, above the point fixed fur the lower entrance of the Qr^nville Canal.

The lock-stone can be brought from below by the present canals ; all the other
stone can be got out of the river, or near by ; and, as at Carillon, will require but little
labor to lay it into a good wall. All the rock from Carillion to (Irenville is roft, lies in
thin strata, and can he easily got out. I have considered $i per cubic yard as an ami)le
allowance, except at Chute a Mlondonu, where the rock is harder and there is less of it,
and I have called it .$125 per yard. 'I"he lock stone is easily dressed and can be carried
from the (piarries, to where it is wanted, m scows : distance 25 to ^^ miles. I have con-
sidered that $12 for face and $6 for packing, averaging $8 would be sufticient.

.'\t the head of the Long Sault is a great sand-shoal, partly dry at low water ; but follow-
ing close to the norlh shore we have 24 to 30 feet. I'rom (irenville to Ottawa, the river
runs in a level valley, with low shores of blue tertiary clays ; a considerable extent is
overflowed by high water, and covered with sand deposited by the river.

The width is from one to two thousand feet, and the channel depth 30 feet, until we
get to the "tlreen Shoal," some 8 or 9 miles below Ottawa Cil/. Here a ralciferous
sandstone reef runs clear across the river, diminishmg the f^tpth at low water to eight feet
for a length of five hundred feet.

It will be necessary to pursue the same course here, that has been recommended at
St. Annes, and remove the stone by a coffer dam, the sides of which should be left for
guide jMers to indicate the channel. Helwen this place and Ottawa City, there are some
sand shoals that must be dredged, but no more rock.

The sum estimated for the improvement of this section is$i3r),io5.

The i)lans of this part ot the river furnished me by the Department from the surveys
of Mr. dallwey being unfinished, I have obtained the distance from (Irenville to Ottawa
City through the kindness of Sir William Logan, who calculates it at 55.25 miles in a
straight line, .\llowing for the bends of the river, I have called it 56.07.

CH.VUOIERE .\NU DKS CHENKS,

Length of C'anals : Chaudiere, 2 miles ; Des Chenes 0.61. Total, 2.61.

Slides channel ; pair of combined locks 1 1 14 feet lift each ; passing basin 600 feet
long ; i)air of combined locks, 11';^ feet lift each ; water surface above raised 3.7 feet by
prolongation of present dam from head of mill flume, across islands to Sparks' Point.

Sparks' Point ; i lock, 8' j feet lift ; stone side dam. 1700 feet long ; rolling dam at
head at little (!liaudiere, 2000 feet over-fall ; lift of water four feet, drowns out Remoux.

Remoux ; coffer dam and rock excavation.

Des Chenes: i lock, 8j4 feet lift ; canal banks battered wail of stone in cement,
backed with stone filling, and paved. Estimated cost, S816.733.

At Ottawa City the river is interrui)ted by rapids and falls for 6 36 miles, having a
decent between Ottawa harbor and Des Chenes Lake of about 60 feet, *36 of which are
taken uj) by the Chaudiere, a magnificent f.ill which affords one of the finest water powers
on the continent.

Several lines had been previously surveyed for this Canal, but I have preferred to fol-
low the river, shortening the length of Canal required, and much diminishing the amount
of rock-cutting, and consequent expense. IJut little land is overflowed, and that chiefly
swamp. Two mills would be destroyed, (Sparks, and the Britannia,) but the new \mv\-
leges would be better than those now existing.

Stones for the dams can be got out of the excavation, and e.\cellent lock stone from
the Trenton group ov limestones, abounds close at hand.

Lake Des Chenes, or as it is sometimes called, Chaudiere Lake, is 26.69 miles long,
and varies from half a mile to two miles in width ; and according to Mr. dallwey, its
general channel depth is from 20 to 30 feet of water.

Below the river Quio the channel is crooked for a short distance, the depth 14, 16
and 18 feet, and some points might have to be taken off. From there to the foot of the
Chats there is 25 to 30 feet.

* At the time we took our levels, the fall between Des Chenes Lake and Ottaw.i harbor was 59.5 feet
but the difference between the recorded levels of low water is 63 feet. If this is correct, of which I have
some doubts, it is owing to the greater evaporation on the longer level below. It has been thought
prudent to provide for sixty-three feet of lockage.

Below, the river rises more than at any other point, some 20 to 24 feet. This is attributed to the
/act that the Gatineau, a very large river, comes in a little below at right angles to the main river, and
draws back its waters.

14

CHATS.

Length of Canal, 0.6 miles.

Chats Island ; i pair of combined locks, 1 2 feet lift eacli ; p.issin^ tusin, 400 feet
long ; clay emhankment pived ; i pair of combined locks, i 2 and 6 feet lift ; roilmi; dam
3700 feet over-fall ; tight dam, 300 feet ; lift of surface .\ feet. (>liats Rapids : i l.xk,
eight feet lilt ; rolling dam, 2100 teet s|)il ; tight ilams, 1000 feet long; lift of surface,
eight feet, up to low water level of (^bais Lake.

Head of Kai)ids ; coffer dam and rock excavation. lCslimati.d cost, $6.Si,(>32.

This, it will be observed, differs entirely from the old route of the Chats Canal. A
considerable proportion of the exc.ivatiol; necessary to finish that w. irk to the sc.ile origi-
nally contemplated (60 feet wide, and 7 deep,) has been done, but it forms a very
insignificant amount of that retpiired for the new scale. The canal ends below m Mig
l>ay, a sheet of water about a mile long, ijuite shallow, and with a bottom of gneiss rock.

The ilepth at low water for 700 feet is not over 5.5 ; for 1000 feet not (jver <S 5 ; and
for 1600 feet, at the entrance, not over 6 or 7 feet, although most of this is |)ri)l)ably
clay, and could be dredged.

The only way a sufficient depth can be got excejH at a ruinous expense, is to throw
a dam across the mouth of Big Bay, and raise the surf.ace, placing a lock on what is called
Hudson's Point.

•My estimate for the compli'tion of the present Chats Canal on this plan, to a
scale uniform with the rest of the river, is $1,465,439. [See aiinendix ]

'I'here being some difficulties in ascertaining theamount of work done, I have credited
the work with the whole amount expended, as per last re!) irt of l)j|)artment of i'ablic
Works, amounting to .$ 324,000, leaving a balance to be yet expended of ,$1,141,439,

My estimate for the new work has been stated at $681,932, showing that it would t)e
a saving to the Province of $459,507 to abandon the work alreaily done on the old rou;e
and take the nevs.

The length of Canal on the old loute is three miles, and is (]uite crookfd ; on the
new rojte we have only ,"„ of a mile, being the locks and i)assing l)asin. The rest of it
will be as good navigation as any part of the river. I have no hesitation in recommending
the adojition of the new route.

We cross the Chats Island with four locks, as stated above and run a low liam along'
the line of reefs at the head of the main fall, raising the surtace enough to drown out
currents up to our upper lock. The water does not exceed three feet in dejjth on the line
of dam, cxce[)t in the channels, and there are so many islands to work frtim. that the
difiiculty of building a dam here is not so great as at first sight would ajjpear.

The depth of water will not be less than from 20 to 25 feet from this point to the
upi)er lock and dam. This brings us to the level of Chats Lake, and we have iS to 30
feet depth as far as the reef at the present head of the rapids. At what is called the canoe
channel, there is now a depth of ten feet, but it is narrow and crooked. It sbjies above
into 13 feet of water in about 300 feet, and, below, pitches off at once into iS feet of
water. After the dam has been built below, and water stilled, it will be necessary to put
in a coffer dam here, and remove some rock, which is chiefly crystalline limestone, leaving
the sides of the dam for guides, as at Green Shoal.

The lock stone for this work should come from the quarries of Black River limestone
on Des Chenes Lake. Stone for dams can be got in the neighbourhood. I have estimated
the face stfine at $12, and the backing at $6.50 per cubic yard, or an average of $8.25.

Up to this ])lace whatever rock excavation has been necessary, was through Silurian
lime and sandstones of soft texture. But this rocky barrier, over which the river tumbles
in some thirty different chutes, is one of the Laurentian series, and consists of hornblendic
gneiss, mica slates, and crystalline limestone. The strata are considerably inclined, dip
in the direction of the current, and the "strike" is generally at right angles to the direc-
tion of the stream, as may be plainly seen from the course of the reef.

These rocks are all hard to work. The crystalline limestone is much the easiest,
and I huve allowed $1.50 per cubic yard for it. The mica slates, and particularly the
hornblendic gneiss of a greasy texture, and greenish red color, such as is found at the
lower end of the canal excavations, are hard to drill, and require much power to break
them up. The price which I have allowed, and which is proportioned to the rock prices
over the rest of the river, is $2.50 per cubic yard.

15

The Chats Lake is a fine slict'i cjf water i8 miles long, and from half a mile to three
miles wide, with a channel depth of from 25 to 30 feet.

From the head of this Lake to the head of the Calumet Island, a distance of 31.07
miles by the North or Calumet f'hanne!, and 24.79 miles ^'X 'he South or "Rocher
Feiidu" channel, the river has a total I'nll ot 10J.4.S feet, and is much obstructed by
ra|)ids and stioals. On the north channel more than half the full is concentrated at one
point, the Clrand Calumet Falls, and there are longer stretches of still water. The south
channel is a continuous rapid for much of the distance.

In decidm^ between theso two channels, several thing were apparent without
further instrumental survf-y :

I. The Calumet was 6.28 miles longer than the other

II. From the head of the Calumet Falls to La Passer 17 miles, the bed of the river
is cut through sandy alluvial soil, is very crooked, and is filled with shifting sand-bars
and shoals, that would have to be dredged, not only once, to open the navigation but
continually to keep it open.

III. The timber slides now occupy the Calumet channel, and as there is not room
for both timber and vessles, if we take this channel new slides must be built on the
Rocher F'endu,

I v. The nature of the ground at the Calumet Falls would require three locks in

combination.

rhe very important question of cost could not be determined without making loca-
tion of locks and dams on both channels, and estimating on each.

The Lock at the Snows is common to both routes ; the lit't at the upper one at Por-
tage du Foi t, and the height of dam, would have to be increased six feet. Two locks
and a dam, and o 28 miles of canal at the "Mountain" chute, and five locks and a dam
at the "(Irand Calumet." raising the water to the level of the river at the head of the
island.

Here the only i)Ossible location for the canal s on the site of the present slides. A
ravine to the left of the fall was surveyed in 1857. 15ut even by combining all the five
locks at the lower en I, there would be fifty feet cutting for one mile, which, even for a
canil of a hundred feet wide, would require the removal of nearly a million yards of
rock. — This is, of course, impracticable.

In comparing the cost of the two routes, the lockage is the same ; and the difference
of dams is not enough to affect the estimate materially. But the "Calumet" route would
have in excess,

167,500 cubic yards rock cutting, at $1,50 ....
1,000,000 " dredging, at 35c .....

Shewing a difference of cost of

over the Rocher Fendu route.

Taking all these things into account, I have no hesitation in recommending the
Rocher Fendu for improvement, and shall describe how it can be done.

$25>.25o
350,000

$601,250

CHENAUX OR "SNOWS.

Total length of Canal, 0.2 miles.

I lock, 6 feet lift.

Dam 1,267 fset.

Estimated cost, $133,356.

The rapids of the Ottawa are caused by reefs.

These are the remains, more or less worn away of the rocky barriers which once
separated the different lakes In the limestone formations; the whole bar has generally
been washed away, leaving an entirely submerged reef. But among the Laurentian rocks,
the river cuts channels through the softer veins, leaving the harder rocks protruding
above water in the form of islands. The "Snows" is a place where even the reefs be-
tween the islands have been worn away, so that it is now merely a contraction in the
channel, forming what hydraulic writers call a ''discontinuous weir."

10

In summer the volume of water is only sufficient to dam itself u|) some six or eij,'ht
inches,* f(jrminn a sli^iht ripple; but in floods the water above rises from three to four
feet, making a rapid too strong for steamboats to ascend.

Three methods oi impiovement have been suggested: — 'I'o raise the (,"hats Lake
and drown out th;,- rapid ; — To remove the islands which obstruct the channel ; — To put
a lock in one of the channels.

When a river channel is contracted, the water dams itself up until it has attained a
head sut'ticicnt to give itself velocity enough to pass through a narrow passage. Raising
the water below will not prevent this from taking place, unless it is raised enough to give
it an area of flowai^o ecjual o that of the avi'rage chinitel of the river. To do this here
would rc'iuire a lit't of the (Jhats Lake so great as to be inadvisable.

'!"() enlarge the area fnjm S,4oo to 20,000 s(jiiare feet, l)y removing obstructions,
would rnjiiire too nuicb rock ixcavation.

We are, therefore, reduced to the third plan, as recommended i)y I'. \\. Norman,
C. 1^ . in his report to the dei)artment last year, and must i)Ut a lock in one of the chan-
nels. The (!anoe Channel has been selected as the best ; and the Steainlvoat Channel
will be left open for the decending trade ; but ail the others will be closed by low dams.
This will raise the water si.x feet f above its present level. In the spring the high water
will pour over these dams.

I have gone somewhat more into detail in describing this place than its imjjortance
would seem to warrant ; because, from its being the line of the present steamboat naviga-
tion, it has been much discussed, and many plans suggested for its improvement, both by
professional and amateur engineers.

'I'he lock stone should come from the superior quarries at the lower end of Chats
Lake.

J'0RT.\(;K I>ll FORT.

Length of canal, 0.24 miles.

I lock I 2 feet lift, ]).issing basin 400 feet long

1 lock 8 feet lift. Rolling dam, 2,664 feet long.

Tight dam, of masonry, 1,360 feel ; lift of surface, io."».
Estimated cost, $287,396.

Here we have a multitude of islands and channels, but the reefs between are not
worn down more than two or three feet below the surface of the water, with one exception a
narrow channel called the "Devil's Kibow," which is over twelve feet dee]). 'I'he locks
will be placed at the head of the island to which runs the dam of Usborne's Mills. From
the locks to the north shore the dam is a tight one, with a flume to admit water and logs
to the mills. The remainder is a rolling dam, giving free discharge to the flood waters.
The timber slides will not be disturbed, except to lengthen them for the increased fall.

The locks may be built cf a crystalline limestone, known as I'ortage du Fort marble,
and the dams of the same.

*Thu cross section of this point Kivcs an area equal to th.it of a channL'l 420 feet wide, l)y 20 feet
ileep. The river al)ove averages 1000 feet wide, by 20 feet deep. l!y the formula for discontinuous
weirs, where

/'= breadth of channel = 420 feet.

(/= depth = 20 feet.

// = heip;ht to which it is dammed =6. lo of a foot.

r/=cpi.intity of disch.irge in cuhic feet per iiccom\,=g/)^2 ,f/i ( + '/)=32,2S4 cubic feel.
The quantity was guaged at same time, and a mile above was 30,913.

At high water </ becomes 28

/i '• 4

(f " 127,000

agreeing very nearly with other observations of H. VV. discharge.

t Call (/= 12,254 cubic feet, per second.
d — 20 feet

(4=6 feet, height required.
And /' = breadth required.

The formula, q

b= 9(5^ A -(- a) ^2g h = losj feet
which is about the breadth of the present steamtxiat channel, which may be left alone. And by closing
the others, the water will be dammed up six feet.

'7

RCCIIKR Kknoc.

LstiRth of Canal, 0.6 r miles.

X locks and 5 dams, as follows ; —

Roclier-Kondii Chute Canal, 0.07 miles.

I lock ten feel lift ; dam 450 feet lonj^.

Lift of surface 13 teel.

I.onj; Ripids (Janal, 0.12 miles.

Pair of comliined locks, 14 and (t feet lift ; rollmg dam 600 feet ; tight dam
500 feet ; lift 1 7 feet.

I.afontaine's Rapids, length 0,23 miles.

1 lock 12 feet lift; hasin .jtjo feel long; 1 lock 12 feel lift; dam 350 feet
long ; lift 17 feet.

Nornnn's Rapids, length 0.12 miles.

Pair combined locks 12 feet each : dam ^50 feet flat, 100 feel tight; lift 23
feet.

Hlack Kails , length 0.7 miles.

(luard lock, 2 to 4 feet lift; light stone dam iioo feet long; low water lift
2.4 feet.

Kstunaled cost, $836,o.S.S.
The dam at Portage du Korl will drown out the small ra|)ids known as the "Split
Rock and Tables," and give sufficient dejUh of water as far as the Rocher-Fendu Lake
which, according to the surveys of T. E. Norman, Ksc;., is 30 to 60 feet in de|)th. The
distance from I'ortage du Fort to the head of this lake, where we have a lock and dam
is 7.35 miles. A distance of 1.61 miles takes us to Long Rajuds, where are two locks
and a dam. The lift of water, 17 feet, drowns out La IJarriere, .Muskrat, and Mice
Rai)ids, all of which have channels worn through the reefs, so thai there will be no
necessuy for submarine rock excavation, while ihe shores are bold and high enough lo
))rcvcnl much land from being overflowed. We are now at the foot of what is called
l.afontaiue IsLmd, and here the river is divided into three channels. It is proposed lo
follow the south ciianucl, and by building a tight stone dam above Black's Falls al the
head of the island, to shut out the flood water and drive il down the other two channels,
only admitting enough for navigation. Otherwise, the amount of water discharged in
flood it so great in |)ro|)ortion lo the contracted size of liie channel, that il would be
difficult either to build structures, or use them after they were done. By availing our-
selves of the existence of these other channels to take o(T the surplus water, we can lay
our work without coffer dams, and regulate force of currents as we please. Five locks
and three dams take us lo the head.

.Some of the crystalline limestone is good enough for locks, some stone will come
from the quarries on Allumettes Island above, and jjerhaps some from I'ortage du Fort
or Chats Lake.

The rock on this part of the river, although of the Laurentian series will not be so
hard as that al the Chats, owing lo the greater amount of ciystalline limestone, and lo
the preponderance of felspar in the gneiss, which is easily acted on by the weather, and
causes the gneiss to crumble, and become broken up. I have estimated the rock exca-
vation at $1.50 per cubic yard. Stone for dams can be got in the locality.

From the head of the Calumet Island to the foot of the Allumettes Island, the river
expands into what is known as Lake Coulonge. At its foot the river is divided into
several channels and islands. The main body of water passes on the west side, and has
not been sounded until this year. The other channels are quite shallow, but this has 20
feet and over, except at one point, where, for five hundred feet in length, there is not
over ten feet at low water.

Through the remainder of Lake Coulonge according to plans made under the direc-
tion of Mr. Shanly, and furnished me by the department, there is 25 to 30 feet in depth
of water.

The river is again divided into two channels by the Allumettes Island ; the Northern
of which, known as the Culbute, is much the better suited for navigation.

This Channel is narrow with hold shores, and the fall 18.26 feet, is concentrated into
rapids at the head, the Culbute and I'lslet. For nine miles from the foot of the islandt

IH

Up to a slight rapid ot five or six inches fall, known as the (Jhapeau, and caused by a con-
traction of the channel, we must follow the natural hcd of the river, which is somewhat
crooked, and will rec^uire a considerable amount of dredging, |)articulariy at the mouth of
lilack Kiver, a turbulent stream which brings down nmch sand during spring freshets.
It is probable that there will be some boulders, and points of reef below water, to be
removed. l*'or the improvement of this section there has been estimated the sum of
$262,514.

Chai'Hau and L'Isi.et.

Length of canal, 0.14 miles.

Chapeau : i lock, 1 2 feet lift, and rolling dam 500 feet long ; tight dam, 240 feet ;
lift of surface, 11.5 feet.

LIslet : I lock, 6 feet lift, L. W. ; 12 feet, H. W. : ti^hi dam, 700 feet loa.^ ; lift ot
surface 9.5 feel. Kuimated cost, $243,507.

The lift ot 1 1.5 feet at the Chapeau, gives good navigation for 5 85 miles to the foot of
rislet. Here a tight dam of masonry in cement, as at Hlack's Kails, will keep out the
flood waters, and drive them down the broad Pembroke channel, and the lock is located
in the channel between the island and the north shore.

This raises the surface of the water above I'lslet to the level of the river at Fort Wil-
liam, and drowns out the Culbute, which rapid darts through a narrow gorge in the
rock, not over eighty feet wide, with high perpendicular cliffs on either hand. It will be
necessary to tak : three or four feet off the top of the reef for about fifty feet in length.
This can be done by putting in a short temporary dam at the head, after the water is
raised and made still by the dam below. Then, on opening the gates of the lower dam.
the bed of the river will be laid dry at this point, and the rock can be removed, aftt r
which the coffer dam above must be taken out.

The lock stone for these works is estimated to come from the quarries on .Allumeltes
Island, four or five miles from the work. Stone for dam can be got near by.

Although it does not properly fall w 'n the limits of this report, yet I shall take
the liberty ot calling the attention of the c mmissioners to the fact that the expenditure
of the above named sum of $243,507, would extend the i)resent steamboat navigation
from Des Joachims to the head of Calumet Falls, a distance of 75 miles. From thence
the macadamized road just finished by the department, would avoid the 8.41 miles of
obstructed navigation, between the steamboat landing above the Calumet and Portage du
Fort, the present head of navagation on Chats Lake ; avoiding the expensive and tedious
detour of Muskrat Lake. An additional expenditure of$So,ooo would build the lock at
the Snows. The dam would not be required at present.

I know no point above the City of Ottawa where so little expenditure would do
so much for the local trafHic, as at these places.

From the head of Culbute to Fort William, 5.3 miies, the river is much broken up
by rocky islands, but according to the soundings laid down on the plans of Mr. Shanly,
there is a deep, although somewhat tortuous channel.

From Fort William to the Rapid des Joachims, we have the fine stretch of water
known as Deep River ; this is very straight, one to two thousand feet wide, and 27.6
miles long. The depth is very great, and said to be over 100 fathoms in some places ;
the shores are very bold, and the general character of the scenery resembles that ot the
Saguenay on a small scale,

Des Joachims

Total length of canal 0.57 miles.

Pair combined locks, 13 feet lift each. Passing basin 200c feet long. Embanked
by material taken from the excavation and sides of river. Slopes paved. One single lock,
la feet lift. Dam, 1,272 feet long ; length of overfall, i, 148 feet; lift of surface, 17.8
feet.

Estimated cost, $327,774

This rapid is 1.84 miles long and falls 26.4 feet. It comes nearly at right angles to
the general course of the river, which, if prolonged, would run through a series of lakes,
and strike the river again about three miles above. A line of levels were taken by Mr.
G. H. Perry, to see vhether this chain of lakes might be followed and a canal cut through

ii)

the ridge, (lividin^ thorn i'rom the river. Although the distance in less than a mile, the
cuttinK even with |)ru|)()SL-d dam at head ul Des Joachims, would average 20 feet, which
would re(|Uire the removal of over 400,000 cubic yards, principally rock. [lonce we pre-
fer to follow the north shore of the river itself. 'I'he rock occupies the place of the slides,
which will have to he removed to the south side of the island, where mere is a very good
place for them.

Face stone of locks is estimated to con>e from Pembroke ([uarries. All other stone
can be obtained in the neighbourhood.

McSORLEV's

at

do

to
ces.

Length of canal, 0. 13 miles ; i lock ten leet lift.. Length of dam, 1,38^ feet ;length
of overfall 1,041 feet ; lift of surface, 16.5 (eet. Kstimated cost, $1^)9,375.

From the upper lock at Des Joachims, a distance of 13.68 miles brings us to a series
of small rapic's of 3 feet fall, where we put in a lock on the south side of the river, and a
dam. It is necessary to raise the water eleven feet on the foot of the Rocher Capitaine ;
and to avoid making the dam at the Joachims so high, this intermediate dam at McSor-
ley's is designed.

The face stone of the lock must come from the Pembroke (|uarrics. backing, and
other stone, adjacent to the works.

Rocher Caimtaink.

Total length of canal, 0.65 miles.

Single lock, 13 feet lift: |)assing basin, 1,000 feet long, ^[aterial for bank, taken
from excavation ; slopes paved.

Single lock six feet lift, I.. W., 12 feet H. W. Dam, 1,005 f*iet ; lift of surface, 22.4
feet ; pool, o. 70 miles long. Pair of combined locks, 13 and 6 feet lift ; dam 1,702 feet
long; overfall, 1,400 feet ; lift of surface, 21.5. feet.

Kstimated cost, $533,544.

The Rocher Capitaine, which it is proposed to overcome in the above manner, is
one of the largest rapids on the Ottawa, falling 40.9 feet in a distance or 1.35 miles. The
locks are located on the north side of the river. The bank is composed of an immense
mass of boulders of all sizes worn smooth by the water. It covers a space of about two
scjuare miles, and ris<!S some sixty feet above the water. Fortunately, between these
boulders and the river there is a strip of solid rock in position, upon which we place the
locks and canals. The bottom ot the river is smooth rock, the depth where the dams run
is not great, and, except that the upper dam must be long, there is no special difficulty in
overcoming this rapid.

The face stone of locks is estimated to be got from the Pembroke cjuarries ; but the
expense would be less, if the canal, hereafter described at the Deux Rivieres, were built
first, as the stone would then come from the quarries above it, without transhipment.
The rest of the materials can be got near the work.

Deux Rivieres.

Length of canal, 0.46 miles.

Pair of combined locks, 12 feet lift each ; passing basin, 500 feet long. Material of
bank from excavation ; slopes paved ; single lock, 12 feet lift, passing basin, 500 feet long ;
single lock, 6 feet lift ; upper locks, on timber foundations. Dam, total length, 1,292
feet ; overfall, 938 feet, lift of surface 33.9. feet.

Estimated cost, $419,942.

The rapids, known as Deux Rivieres, Trou and La Veillee, occupy 3.15 miles, and
fall 31. 1 feet. The fall in the river, from their head, to Johnson's Rapids, a distance of
17.85 miles, is 9.7 feet, most of which occurs in the rapids, at the Rocky Farm, which
occupy 4.7s miles. It was thought best to put in a high dam at the Deux Rivifcres and
then back the waters to Johnson's Rapids, as the facilities were greater for that mode of
construction, than for putting in another dam and lock between the two, and the amount
of land overflowed is quite insignificant.

The locks are situated on the south side of the river, on a flat piece of land, well
suited for their location ; the lock stone will come from beds of a yellow or buff colored

•JO

fossililorous limcstono, wliicli appi-ars on llic north side of tlu' liviT, a!)oiit throt- iiiilcs
ai)ovL', ami proinisL's to afford a uood liiiikliiii; sioiu'. ( )tlK'r htoiu' can be t;(.; near at
hand.

JOHNSONS UAI'IDS.

I,(.'n_i;th ol c.inal, 045 miles. Sinj;1c lock ij feel liti : jiasMn;^ hasiii i()oo feet lonu ;
raised with earth ami stone trom riiltim; : slopes |)aved ; sin-le lock 011 tiinher (oiindation,
S.:; feet lilt at 1,. W. up to i ] leet at II. W. : dam j()j(. te<'l lon^; : overfall jcoo feet ;
lift of siirt are j 1 teel.

The loi ks and canal are on the noith side of the liver on a strip of llal lantl. The
dam stands in 41 . feet of water at I,. W.

rile lock stone will come from ijiiarnes below, other stone near by.
This dam drains the rapids jnsi helo.v the mouth of the M iitawan. and the currents
in thai river. .\f[{\ tlirows 1 ^ teel ot w.uer up )n the Ion of the I'lein ( !nants rapids, _^..jo
miles above. "4

M Mi'.wv.w Ki\ i:k.

•At T'ort .Mattawan ^oS miles from Montreal, we leave the Ottawa which turns to iht;
northward, and IS still a iari;e river, the amount of water passini; in summer bein;; but
little less th.m that runnini; over th.e (Miauditre at Ottawa. This is otvini.; to the fact
that as we descend, the river expands into witle lakes, ami loses by evaporation nearly as
much as it receives Irom its ttibutaries.

I'Vom this i»oint to I'rench Kiver, I camiol do better than to(|uote from the reoort
of my princijile assistant, Mr, V). R. iilackwell: -

"On connnenciii'; exaim'nations lor a work of the contemplated <:haracterand maj;ni-
tiide of the improvement of the Ottaiva and i'Vench River waters, the fiistthinj; presenl-
in.L; itself as indis[)ensibly necessary, was to obtain a reliable section of I'"rench River.
Lake Nipissini^, and the sunnmt or height ol laiul between Nipissini; and Trout j.ikes.
The e.\aniinations were commenied at the principal mouth of the middle outlets of
French River on the joili November 1858.

"This debouchment of Fiench River is entirely land locked. To the west lie a lari;e
grouj) of islands known as the ''liusiard Islands," which completely shelter the mouth of
the river from thu westerly and the southwesterly winds of ('ijoii;ian iJ.iy.The mam land
affords protection from the northerly winds.

"The channel to the entrance of French River lies at the northerly extremity, and
close under these islands. There appear to be several deep and broad channels divided
by Kunken reels, and I am -jonfident that a spacious entrance cm be marked out, free
from these treacherous sunken rocks which mark the whole coast ol ("jeoii^i.ui Hay.*

"l""roin the mouth of l'"rench River, for the distance of j.j.j miles, the river is
straii't. broad, and deep ; the banks bold, and the i^ray crystalline gneiss rocks rise
perpe 'icular out of the water, ami make it resemble more the deej) bays of the lake
than ii mouth of a river.

".\ his tiisiance from the bay, the river makes a turn nearlv at riylu angles fo the
right, and necomes quite narrow ; and here *'I,es I'etites Dalles Ra|)ids.'' form a barrier
to navigation ; the fall at this jioint is six feet. Tlie rapids are about ninety feet in
width, and it is about 1 ido feet from deej) water below to deep water above. The rock
on the north rises nearly pjr|iendicular to the height (>f ninety feet, and on the south side
with a gentle slojie. to the heigiit of twenty feet, in a distance of one hundred and twenty
feet, and then rises abrujjtly into broken cliffs.

"I'roin "I.es I'etites Dalles" we continue our course nearly east for the distance of
one and a (juarter miles ; here we find two large channels, one continuing directly on the

*TliL- mmilli of French Kivcr is ci (U'cp lissiirc or cleft \i\ the rock, extending from the lake into tlu;
l.anil Its eoiiiso is aliiut rinrlli-enst :in(l soiiili west, whicli is tiinl of tlu; "strike" of the slr.it.i in thai
locality, and conse(|iienllv ol tile riilges on land and tlic reefs in the water. Thus, although the naviga-
tion is dangerous to dlo.se who are coasting, and have to pass over the ends of the reefs , there can alway.s
he found a direct entrance between them, unobstructed by shoals or sunken rocks. I have myself .sound-
ed from the fool of thel'elites Dalles, out into the open laUe, and found a gradual increase of 6,7,8, 9 and
10 fathoms, where my soundings ceased, about half a ni.Ie Irom the point where the river may b" saiil to
end.— T. C. C.

•Jl

■he
nor
Jin
|<k
!'•,

Ihe

lllu'

lixys

Ind-

lind

to

coiiisc we have been iraversini;, aid the other nearly at right angles to the north.

" We imrsiK'tl our exainiiiatioii up the latter lor tiie distance of three miles to ' Lac
cie liieulV a body up water about three miles long by one mile in width, thickly studded
with islands; here we enter on utu' easterly direction for Lake Ni|<issing.

"At the distance of 10.17 mi.es from " Les I'etites l>alK"<,"we fmd a small rapid of
two Icel fall, about 200 feet wide, ami the water from (> to S feel deep at a low stage.

" .'\t a further distance of .v'^- miles, another small rajiitl of seven-tenths of a foot
fall, is encountered. 1 oS miles furliier, we reach " Lu (liand Recollet Rapids, with a
fall of (i.So feel. 'I'lie width of the river at this |)oint is two hundred and fifty feet. The
bank on the north side rises nearly perpendicular to the height ot one hundred and lilty
teet above the water. (In the south side there is a table scarcely sufticieiU in length and
lireadlh for the lock. I'lie rest ( f the bank rises perjiendicularly eighty or ninety feet.

" .\fter leaving ' Le Ciiand Rirollei' we havt- a reach of 17.02 miles to the ' Rai)ide de
I'arisien,' where there is a fill of 1.20 feet. In the next .^.lo miles, we pass the ' I'etite
l''aucelle Rapid,' fall .^.4 feet. ' Rapide du Huison,' fall 3 ;^ fett, '(Irand I'aiicelle Rapid,'
fall 5.f) feet, and ' Rapide du Pin,' fall 2.(1 feet. In tracing the distance we change our
course hom east to north. .At the head of the ' Rapide du Tin,' the course agatn becomes
easterly, and continues 30 to the foot of the 'Chaudiere Rapids,' a distance of 7.57 miles.

" The fall between the foot of Lake Nii)issing and the still water in i'Vench River
below the rapids, is divided into fine cascades and rapids. The total fall is 2fi feet in a
distance of I. f) I miles. The b.mks at the water's edge of the rapids are mostly low ;
rising grach:;;l|y for the distance of sixty to one hundred feet back; then they rise abrupt
into high rocky cliffs.

'' I'"rom the mouth of I-'rench River on the (Georgian I'ay, to its source at the outlet
of Lake \i|)issing, the distance is 4752 miles; the ascent at low water is (10.3 (eet,
making the elevation at Lake Nipissing f),v|.3 feet, above tide water.

'■ The distance through Lake Xipissing is 30.4.1 miles. I'etween Nipissing and
Trout Lakes two routes were carelully examined.

"The first, by the valley of the ' Riviere des \'ases,' 6. 69 miks in length,

'•The sicoiid. by the \alley of the ' ()jibwa>sippi,' .^.l«) miles in length, with an
ascent between Nipissing and I rout Lakes of twenty-four and a-half feet. The water-
heads ot the .\lattawan aw ^^S.S (Vet above tide water.

" In coin|)arative cost these two routes have no relative nuT'ls. liy the ' \'ases '
route, tlure are four miles of cutting, any one of which would cost more than the whole
line ot the ' Ojibwaysippi ' route.

" Here we |)ass ths watershed between the waters of the Ottawa and Lrench Rivers.

" .After entering ' Trout Lake ' our course bore south of east. The length ol this lake
is S.43 miles, and averagi' width one mile. .\t the foot of this occurs a narrow ridge of
rocks which divides it bom Turtle Lake. The fall is nine-tenths of a fiot. The rapid is
about ten feet wide, and not over eii^hteen inches in dei)tli. We then pass 3.J.S miles
through Turtle Lake, nearly on a due east course. This lake averages about half ,1 mile
in width.- I'.issing down the outlet of Turtle Lake, we change our course to the north in
the first two miles; iheiux eastwardly, and at the distance of 3.74 miles, we enter Lac
Talon The descent between these two last-named lakes is 21). ij feel, giving Lac Talon
an elevation of 6jS feet above tide water. The outlet has a succession of small rapids
with dee]) still ponds between them.

" The course through 1/u; Talon lies about south-east, and is 7. O3 miles in length,
with an average width of one nnle. Lac 'Talon discharges through a Ihime-'.ike chute of
21 feet in width, with three beautiful cascades before reaching the level below, 'The
total fall is 42.7 feet. lOach side of the chute is bounded by high and barren syenite
cliffs.

" From the foot of 'Talon Chute, the course of the waters changes to the north, until
they reach the foot of the i'aresseux Chute, 2.28 miles ; in this distance there is a scries
of i)onds, or basins and rapids, making a descent to the head of the I'aresseux Chute of
21 feet. .At the I'aresseux Rapids and Chute there is 33.8 ft. fall in a beautiful cascade.

" After passing the I'aresseux Chute, the river passes between bold cliffs of syenite,
which present the appearance of rough and massive masonry, towering about 150
feet above the surface of water. The river is narrow and deep between these iron bound

22

barriers, in places only 105 feet wide. It soon widens to 250 and 300 feet in width.

" From Lake Talon to the river below Talon Chute, a route was examined, leaving
Talon Lake about one and a half miles above its frot. At the distance of 1500
feet from Lake Talon, we encountered a summit of fifty feet in height above the lake,
and about 2000 feet in length ; after passing this summit, we dropped down into
a chain of small ponds running nearly east, and emptying into the Mattawan about one
half of a mile below Paresseux Chute. The length of this line is 4.15 miles, and more
direct than the channel of the river, and well adapted for the line of improvement, were
it not for the heavy cutting at the summit. The exaromations, estimates, and plans of
this route were made with the same care and attention as marked those of the main
route.

" The river route is 1.06 miles longer, but is estimated to cost $564,000 less, and is
recommended.

" From the foot of the Parasseux Chute to the mouth of the Mattawan, the course
is direct and nearly due east. At 2.64 miles we reach the ' Rapide des Aiguilles,' with
& fall of four-tenths of a foot ; 0.71 miles further east is the ' Rapide des Rochers,' with a
descent of 4.8 feet. At this rapid the land on each side is low and swampy for the dis-
tance of six to eight hundred feet back. Passing down with a strong current for 1.20
miles, we reach the ' Rapide de la Rose,' fall 5.6 feet. At the further distance of seven-
tenths of a mile is the ' Rapide des Epines ' fall 5.6 feet.

" From the foot of the ' Rapide des Epines,' we find a broad and deep stretch of
river 5.5 miles in length, with the same rugged, syenite cliff-like banks ; at the
foot of this fine stretch of water, we reach the ' Lac Plem Chants Rapids and Chute,'
with a fall of 16.9 feet, in the distance of four-tenths of a mile. At the further distance
of 2.40 miles, the Mattawan enters the Ottawa waters. In this distance we find three
small rapids with a fall of 5.4 feet ; making the total descent of the Mattawan 169.8 feet
in the distance of 39.79 miles, and the low water surface at the mouth 489 feet above
tide.

'* A tabular statement of the low water section of these rivers. &c., is annexed.

" The characteristics of the French River and Mattawan waters are similar, each
being a succession of pools of wide, deep and still water, separated by short falls and
rapids ; in many of these pools there is no perceptible difference of level.

*• The shores are principally lined with the ever-prevailing syenite and gneiss, rising
abruptly out of the water into bold precipitous cliffs, covered with a dwarf growth of
timber.

" By the mode of improvement proposed, that is by locks and dams, which is the
only feasible plan of work to render these rivers navigable for any class of vessels that may
navigate the western lakes ; th-j characteristics of these rivers will, in a great degree, re-
main the same as now, after the completion of the improvement.

" My early attention was called to the question of supply of water, ' upon which the
success of the whole project depends,' and more particularly directed to the practica-
bility of the plan of elevating Lake Nipissing to the summit level, as proposed by Mr.
Shanly, both by the general instructions of the board of Public Works, and by your
letter of instructions.

" Mr. Shanly, in his report on the ' Ottawa Survey,' says * It may at once be stated
that the summit does not fnrnish water sufficient to meet the demands of even a far in-
ferior scale of navigation to that which the general character of the route would warrant
us in looking forward to.'

" To this opinion of Mr. Shanly's, respecting the supply of water from the summit,
that is from Trout and Turtle Lakes, I agree ; and after a careful examination of the
whole subject, I would recommend the following plan for

SUPPLY.

" For the supply of water it is proposed to raise Lake Nipissing 9.46 feet above
high water, and lower Trout Lake 7.85 feet, and Turtle Lake 6.95 feet, and Turtle Lake
outlet to the same level, and to raise Lac Talon 20.95 feet, which brings it up to the same
height, making a summit level for navigation of 57.12 miles in length, with an area of
watershed of 3165 square miles, and a reception basin of eighty miles in length, and

Jd
|n-

varying from one-lialf of a mile to 12 miles in width. i;iving a surlare nf alxjiU three
hundred and thirty s(iiiare miles, liy this arraniieinent it does not bec-ome necessary to
make any provision for a stcjraue r-.servoir. I'he waters of Lake Nipi.ssin;^ are sulticient
tor any scale of navig.ition, awd for all time to come.

".\Uhoiigh the (juantity ot water rer^nired to maintain a steady flow of any given
dei)th through open sluices ol regular width, may he calculated with a considerable degree
of accuracy ; yet, in the case of an open river of uneven hottijiit and irregul.u- width and
declivity, like that of the I'rench river, it cannot l)e expected thatanything more than a
rough appr.iximation can be obtained ; uncertainly must attend the measurements, and
conseiiuently the results fcnmded thereon.

" I'ortunately for us in this case, the (juantity of water discharged from Lake Nipis-
sing through the I'rench River is so large that any error (jf this kiml could not affect the
question of su|)ply for any scale of navigation that may be adopted.

"The quantity of water found, by careful gauging, to he fl )\ving in I'Veiich River at
a low stage, was nme thousand live huruireti (1^,500) cubic feet [)jr setond, or eight
hundred and twenty millions eight hundred thousand (820,800,000) cubic feet in twenty-
four hours. .\ssu;;iing the locks to be 250 x 5c x 12, and that I'llty lockages are made
each way in twenty-four hours, it woukl retiuire fifteen million cubic feet of water, or less
than one-hftielh part of the supply. 'l"he whole amount of water tlowing is e(juivalent
to 5,472 lockages each tweniy-four hours. This, at once, sets at rest any idea of the
neix'ssily of a st(jrage reservoir.

" Tliereare i)Ut tew objec ticiuible features to this mode of supplying the necessary
water for navigation, and of raising Lake Xipissing to the heigiu above stated. 'I'he first,
and almost the only one, is the overflowing of the lands bordering on the Lakes.

" The entire southern shore of Lake Nipir^sing, ea^t of the Chaudiere Portage, is
bounded by high barren rocky cliffs, with a scanty growth of evergreens covering the
whole, except a strip on the east end of the lake, about eight miles long, i\H(J varying
from one tenth to one-founh of a mile in width, one-half of which is annually /nundated
by the Spring freshets. The shore of the Ivisl l!ay and the east end of the Lake, for the
distance of ten miles, will be overtlowed ; a large portion <jf this tract is annually sub-
merged by the freshets, and nearly the whole is one tvicnded T.uiuirac swampi, or an
.\lder marsh. The north shore, for two-thirds of its le' is high, and out of the reach

of this height of waic^

■' In the vicinity of the Hudson's l!ay I'ost, at the mouth of the Sturgeon River, the
large-it iiact on the holders of tlie Lake will lie submerged, say from t(-'n to twelve miles
in length, and liom two to three miles in width ; (.ne-third of the tract is low open marsh,
about one-third swamji annually o.ertlowed, and the remaining third tolerably iair land
for agricultural purposes.

" In the Western l!ay tlierc wan occasional narrow strip that will be dr<jwned out.
Taking the wlmle land that will be drowned by the raising of Lake Xipissing, it will be
inconsiderable when comjiared with the length of shore, and that l.)iit of small value for
agricultural purp(jses.

" Raising Lake \ii)issiiig to the height of Trout Lake, wou!d lessen the cost of C(jn-
struction about one million dollars, and reduce the lengih of canal on the summit to less
than om; and tliree-(]uarter miles, \sould increase the lockage 15 6 feet, and overflow
three times as much land as the plan propositi.

" The land, being in a district uninhabited, except by a few Indians and the servants
of the Hudson s l!ay Com])any, cannot be looked upon as claiming much consideration,
in deciding uiion such an imjicrtant quevtion. The objectionable features in elevating
the water of Lake Ni|)issing to the level of 'I'rout Lake, are :—

■' First, the low banks along the southerly shore ,vest of the Chaudiere Portage, and
also for two miles to the east of the I'ortage ; Second, the large fissures and crevices in
the rocks, affording an opportunity for the escape of water, scarcely to be estimated : in
tact this might prove so large as to cause any attemjit to meet such an emergency
entirely abortive, and without a more careful antl minute instrumental examination of the
entire southern shore west of the I'ortage, than my limited time would permit me. I
should be unwilling to recommend the raising of Lake Nipissing higher than contemplated
in the plan proposed.

" The raising of Lake Talon can be accomplished without overflowing the adjacent
land to any considerable extent.

-'4

LOG RACK.

"'I'lie arrangciiKiit of Locks and Dams connected will he as follows : —
" At Les I'ttites Dalles, on lock, fourteen feet lift, on the south side of the river.
"To establish the level above the I'etites Dalles, it would be necessary to construct
seven 1 )ams across the several outlets of the French River.
" 'I'otal length of Dams, 1,535 f^^-'t-
Aggregate S|)ill, 1,595 feet.
Crest of Dam, 8.50 leet above low water.

" These Dams throw the water up to " Le (irand KecoUet Rapids," fifteen and one-
tenth miles, drowning out two small rapids, so that no excavation will be necessary to
give the recjuisite depth of water.

" At ' Le (Irand RecoUet,' one lock of 13 feet lift on the south side of the river.
"Two Dams will be necessary, one across each channel of the river.
'J'otal length ot Dams, 5^16 (eet.
Aggregate ^\M, 406 teet.
Crest of Dam, 11.30 feet above low water.
"•The length of the next reach is iCi.ys miles, extending to the 'Rapide de I'arisien,'
where we have one lock of ten feet lift, on the north side of the river.
'J'otal length of Dam, 599 (eet.
Length of Spill, 445 feet.
Crest of Dam, 21 leet above low water.
" The next reach is only 2.23 miles to the ' Rapide du iUiisson,' drowning out the
I'etite Faucelle Rapid," so that no excavation will be necessary for the requisite depth
of water. At this poiht there is one lock of ten feet lift on the nortli side of the river.
Here the river is divided by a large island into two channels ; it will be necessary to dam
each of them, and also to dam the north channel of the east, in making these dams.
Total length of dams. 1,070 feet.
Aggregate .Spill, 1,055 feet.

Crest of Dam on Main Channel, 19.5 feet above low water ; Crest of Dam in

the North Channel of the Fast, 10. 8 feet above low water.

" From the head of the Lock at the ' Rapide du Ituisson', the level extends to the

foot of the Chaudiere Portage, ten and one half miles, drowning the 'Grande Faucelle,'

and ' Rapide du Fin.' A small island one hundred feet long by twenty-five feet wide,

will have to be excavated to the depth of live feet from its present surface.

" At the Chaudieie Portage there will be three Locks of ten feet lift each, the first
single, and the second and third combined ; located on the south side of the river. I5y
combining all these Locks, a saving of about $80,000 could be made.
" J'our Dams acioss the outlets of Ni])issing will be necessary.
'J'otal length ot Dams, 1,134 feet.
.'\ggregate Snill, 1,310 feet.
Crest of Dams, 16.7 feet above low water.
"The next or summit level extends to the foot of Lac Talon, a distance of 57.12
miles with a guard Lock in the Canal between Nipissing and 'I'rout I^akes, to control the
waters in limes of high wind.

" At the toot of J'alon Lake, there is one lock of eleven and a half feet on the north
side of the outlet.

Total length of Dam, 500 feet.
Length of Spill, 472 feet.

Crest of Dams, 23.7 feet above the low water mark.
" 'I'he next three I-ocks occur 0.43 miles behjw the last-mentioned Lock, and on the
south side of the river at Talon Chute, all in combination, each fourteen and a half feet
lift.

Total length of Dam, 382 feet.
Length of Spill, 332 feet.
Crest of I^am, 12.3 feet above low water.
'' Two combined locks of eleven feet lift each next occur at the ' Petit Paresseux
Rapid ' ; length of level 2.13 mites. The locks are located on the north side of the river.
This level drowns out several small rapids, so that but trifling excavation will be required
to make the necessary depth of water.

26

Total length of Dam, i.uS feet.

Length of Si)il!, i,i2S feet.

Crest of Dam, 22.8 feet above low water.

"At " I'aresseiix {;hute." 0.35 miles l:elow are two locks in combination, each four-
teen feet lift, located on the south side of the river."

Total length of Dams, .S72 feet.

Length of spill, 872 teet.

Crest of Dam 10.4 feet aiiove low water.

" A level of 4.62 miles extends to the " Rapide de la Rose." There we have one
lock thirteen feet lift on the south side of the river. This level completely drowns out
the " Rapide des Aiguilles," and "des Rochers."

Total length of i)am, 812 feet.

Length of spill, 81 2 feet.

Crest of dam 21.2 feet atjove low water.

The next level of 6.29 miles reaches the last locks in this division at "Lac I'lein
Chants Rapide and Chute," where there are two locks in combination, of thirteen feet
lift each, on the north side of the river.

Total length of I )am, 664 feet.

Length of si)ill, 38S feet.

Crest ot Dam, 18.8 feet above low water.

" A short reach of 2.40 miles carries us to the mouth of the Mattawan, the eastern
end of the western or Nipissing division."

" The (juestion of cost will be greatly enhanced by the ditificulttes to be encountered
in procuring the materials necessary for the construction."

" The face coping and culvert stone for ail the Flocks west of the .Summit, will have
to be procurfd trom the great ^L'lnitoulin Island, in Lake Huron, which lies to the west
ward about fifty miles, directly facing the mouth of I'Vench River. The stone for the lock
at Tx's I'etites I )alles can be landed at the work, and that for the Rapide de Parisien will
be attended with the additional cost of two short portages. For the lock at " Du Huisson."
three short portages will be necessary, and for the locks at the Chaudiere Portage, two
short portages, and two miles of land carriage will have to be encountered. All foreign
materials for these locks will be subject to similar expense of Transit.

" The stone for the backing and interior of all the Locks of this division, will be
obtained from the excavation for locks, and from the banks adjacent to the works.

" Large ((uaniities of rectangular blocks are found upon the banks of the river, often
with parallel beds and joints more perfect than it would be possible to vjuarry them from
limestone quarries, and in size well adapted to the character of the work. The stone for
rubble masonry will be procured in the same manner as the backing. Loose stone for
filling the Dams, will be obtained from the excavation, and picked up from the river
banks.

" The timber for the Locks and Dams is in all cases convenient ; in no instance do
I think It will be necessary to haul over two miles. In some instances it will be
found cheai)er to cut the timber on the banks above the work, and float it down rather
than haul it.

" The work west of the summit requires no sjiecial descri|)tion ; there are no difficul-
ties tf) be encountered in the construction, of an unusual character.

" The two first miles of Canal, on the summit, between Nipissing and Trout Lakes,
are wholly of earth, cutting through an ojjcn marsh, easily drained. This work has oeen
estimated at thirty-five cents per cubic yard.

" I'rjr the remainder of the Canal, the material has been .all estimated as rock. The
excavation will all be disposed of with a short haulage. In this jKjrtion of the Canal
there are several deep ponds, which can be easily drained without machinery, as the
work progresses. The ro:k excavation has been estimated at two dollars per cubic yard.
Twenty-two hundred feet of this cut have been estimated with a width of 100 feet on the
bottom.

" For the excavation of the bars in Trout and Turtle Lakes, it is contem])lated to
commence the work at the foot of the Turtle Lake outlet, carrying it up to Turtle Lake,
the water of the Lake will then pass ofT through the cut. and leave the rocks to be ex-
cavated out of water, and easy of access. Then, by cutting through the barrier between

26

Tiirile and Trout Lakes, which is only three hundred feet lon(i, the work in I'roul Lake
will be drained, and will he as easily acc()mi)lished as any on the whole length of the iui-
provenierU, e.\ce])t that in some places boats will have to be used to i)ass to and from
the work ; a liberal allowance has been made for such contingencies.

" 'l"he greater i)ortion of the work to be done in 'iVout lake, is the remov.il of
round boulders, varying in si/,e from one fourth of a cubic yard, to six and eight cubic
yards.

"That in Turtle Lake is the excavation of rocks and reefs, mostly in the pinnacle
form. ,\s they stand uj) with bold slopes and deep soundings near them, they i an be
readily excavated at less than the usual expense of rock excavation. .Anticipating that
this character of work would be looked upon as a hazardous undertaking anil expensive,
I have given it a price of two dollars and twenty-five cents per cubic yard ; a far larger
price than that for which 1 think it can be safely executed.

" For the ]>ocks at the foot of ' Lac Talon,' and ' 'I'alon f'hute,' an abundance of
crystalline limestone is founil at those points, and from the examination made of this
material, it is presumed that it will make suitable masonry for Lock walls. The excava-
tion for these Locks is chiefly in this kind of limestone.

" I'or Locks at ' Petite I'aresseux.' and ' Laresseux Chute,' the face stone will have
to be hauled alxail two mi'es from a line '^)uarry of grey granite. .\ liberal estimate has
been made for the ex|)ensive dressing of this character of stone.

"The face stone for the Locks at the ' Rapide d? la Ro'^e,' and at ' I'lein ( .'luuits
Chute,' it is proposed to obtain from the same (^)uarry."

\I. C.KNLR.VL R1:M.\RKS.

In the preceding pages it has been attem])ted to show that the Ottawa waters may
be imjiroved for vessels of one thousand tons burden, for a sum not exceeding
$1 2,026,35 I.

The discussion of the important questions of the present or ])rospcrtive need of
such im].rovement ; its effect, if constructed, on the course of Western Trade, and its
relative merits to other routes already existing, formed no part of my insiructiotis, aiul
will not be taken up here.

I shall take the liberty, however, to recommend, that whatever new work may be
hereafter constructed upon this line of waters, may not be of less dimensions 'ban those
which I have stated as necessary for the through line of navigati(jn, as the difference in
cost between a Canal on a small scale like those already built and such a one .is has
been recommended, would not amount to so much as, in my judgment, wouki warrant
the construction of work which might hereafter have to be enlarged.

I cannot conclude this report without exjjressing how much we have been indebted
to the labors of the Ceological Survey, and its accomplished director, Sir William Logan.
Their jjlans of French River, Lake Ni])issing, and the .Maltawan, were so complete, and
after a (lose test, proved so ac:curale, tliat the)' left nothing further to be desired towards
a genera' map of that section ot the waters. Had tlu'y not been in existence, this Re-
port could not have been made svithout another season's field work.

Had maps of the Ottawa River, of a similar character to those of l'"rench River, been
accessible, a large jiart of the expense of the Ottawa Survey might have been saved to
the province. 1 mention these facts both as an act of justice, and because I wish to re-
cord distinctly my appreciation of the (Jeographical results of the Geological Survey, in
regard to which my past year's labors have ijualified me to speak.

The labors of my ijredecesi;ors, Afessrs. Stewart, I'erry, and Callwey, have been
made use of to determine the lengths and dei)ths of the unobstructed, or rather still water
portions of the river,

The plans and sections of the " Rocher Fendu " Channel, and Chats Rapids, made
for the Department by Mr. Thomas Iv Norman, have been adopted in full.

Mr. Slater's levels and bench marks, from Fort William to the head of the Chats
Channel, have been followed ; everything else upon which this Report and estimate of
cost is based, has been derived from actual survey, carried on under my own supervision,
and for the correctness of which I am responsible.

27

W;;;S^Ee^^l^^^^^ ;he p.ns and ...at.

per am.ng thereto." This has requi cd a fuch mon n f ri" "^ ''"'''' ''^"^ '^'^ structures

necessary to nmkc a continuous section of n;8 7^nil^^^^^^^ '''''^"^ ^' has I.een

and cross sections of the location of evJy I ock Cann I 'T,' ^" ''''^' "^'"'^^'^ «"^veys
I'lans on a iar^e scale, have been consZted ^om ,h 1 ' ' '"' "" "^'' ^^''^°''-" l''^^'-
'luantmes taken out in detail with -^reat care '"'■''^■'' '"^ t'^*^ estimates and

^^^^r'f^^'^^^^ T;i ^"°-^- '^^ "^^ -t

lo Mr. Jv R. P,lackwell whose re, ,M,i ^ '-'''*''''^"" 'i^sistants.

stands high in the L'nited St^ale "TJ^ , ^1^^^^^^^^^^ '^^^^"""^ ^-S'-e,

Joachims to Lake Huron, and taking mit he u n.li r"-""'^ '^' ^"^^^>'^ ^--""^ '>e
jncigment I have haen much guided m rr g.^ a and dV'' "'"'''^ ""^' "^ ^''^

I o my other assistants, .Messrs T F V r, r' /^"H '''■^'-'■"""'"- ibices.
.nud, ,-nde,„e„ f„, exec„.i„„ „„.k„ „„„;,1'™-; ';:„!4J;-,-^ ^.'^d^r^o',,?

mention (leorge McTavish, Escj., C. T I'on \V,ram ''"'°"''' "'^""' ^ '"'y •'"'''^"'''irly
All of which is respectfully submiUed by

(^.gned) THO.S. C CLARKE,

January and, i8f)c. J-ngineer, Ottawa Survey.

APPENDIX.

TAliLK OF CONTKNTS.

A.

H.
C.
D.

i;.

V.

II.
I.

J.

I'ACK.

Co|iy o( Instnictioiis "9

Tnl.lc ol Rivers ^9

Tal.lc shcwins; elevation .if ,Siirfr\ce of Ottaw.i, at Crenvilie, Lr ovcry day in the year 1.S59 .V>

Table of 1 )ams 32

Table of lar!;e Tropellers -53

Table of Distances and Levels, Ottawa and French River Waters J4

Table of Distances and Levels, Ottawa and French River Water,, accordini; to proposed

improvement ■"

Abstract of K.-.tiniates '♦^

Estimates of (Jiiantities and Cost in detail ^'

Estimates of (Quantities and Cost Chais Canal— old route. 5^

2!»

}7
40

5«

A

Exlracls Jroiii /iis/riic^in/is In l/ie J\ 11^:^1 iitc is iiitnistnl wil/i the Oltituw S//r;;v.,

The Survey is to l)e prosccutud will) a view of ascertaining the praticahility of opening
a ship (:oinmunicati(jn l)elweeii the St. Lawrence and Lake Huron, througii the Ottawa
waters; and not for the |)urpose of making a minute and iiighly accurate hydrographic
<:hart of tlie river, except so fiir as the sami- may be subservient to tlie first named
pur|)ose.

The Lngineer in charge of eich section of tlie Survey is to examine, in tliat section,
the nature o( the difliculties, and liie (juantity of the canalhng rcciuired to be done, and
t<j stale the cost of such canaiiing ; giving in detail the dimensions and (piantities of each
section of work, and the structures pertaining thereto, and the prices which appear to him
sufficient to their execution ; in order that the data, upon whicii his estimates are based,
may lie open to the inspection nf this Department.

The Scale of Navigation iijion which his estimates are to be based, will be that pro-
posed by Mr. Shanly, /. e. . dimensions of locks 250x50x10 feet.

('anals one hundred feet wide at bottom, deiHh ten to eleven feet. Should he,
l)owever, sec any reason which appears tn him sufficient for uKjdifying any of these
dimensions, he will make a sejjarate estimate upon such |)ortions, giving his reasons for
the change.

The (juality of the works proposed should not be inferior to the standard of the St.
Lawrence ("anals.

Me will be expected to report generally ui)on the method pro[)osed for executing
the works, and to designate the points from which meterials are to be obtained ; and
stiould any special difficulties of c(jnstruction occur on his section, he should show how
he proposes to overcome them.

With hi Rejjort he will furnish a seperaie plan and section of each piece of Canal,
carefully noting upon the sections, the difference of level between extreme high and low
water.

As the ([ue-stion of supp'y, upon which the success of the above project depends, is
to be determined upon your sect on. you will give pi.'-ticular attention to that point, and
to the praticahility of the plar of elevating Lake ^Jipissing to the summit level, as
proposed by Mr. Shanly, 'I'he (lUestion of a terminal harbor on Lake Huron should
receive your careful considerati( n, and the proper site for the lighthouses and i)iers
should be pointed out.

(Signed,) L. V. SICOTTE,

'Joronto, 15th Nov., 1S58. Chief Commissioner.

1!.

Taiii.k hi Kivkk>.

N.\Mi;s.

.\m;uun

Mississippi

S.iiiu I^awrLiicc . .

N ia,L;ara

( 'iaiii;es

Nile

Ohii), .it Wiictiiiij;. .

Thames

Klionc

Khinc.

*Oltawa (drcnvillf).
I'rL'nch Kivcr

.\rca i)f Ji

IraiiiaLTc in

Discliaru'L' in culiic fcut jicr
sL'ciind.

miles.

2,4()0,<HI()

1,226,1)1)1)

565, ))().)
-37..)i>"

4J2,l)Oi)

52(),2c)()

25,000

5,000

38,000

SS,ooo

So, 001)

4,700

f^ow
Walcr.

Mean. I lii^h water

Auiliority.

4,000
4,400
2,600

l,6So

2,24(J

215

560
700
700

447,200

570,589
36.300

23, ICO

1,400
10.50

7.0-0
13,400
35,000

1,700,000 ; I'incyeiopaeilia tJrilannica

1 1,270,000 jC. Kllei, Junior.

900,000 I '.A. j. Kiissell, Ks<|.

3S9,0))o I 406,000 ;N'. \'. .Slate Reports
294,200 j.Sir (,". Lyell

ji;ncycio|)aeLlia Britannica

260,277 |C I'^lli't, Junior.

207,000
220,000

21,000

33.7""
85,000

7,900
204,1)00
164,000
150,000

I'.ncycloiiaedia IJritannica
I). Aubui.ssun

do
Ottawa .Survey.

do

January 2nd, IS60.

See Tables C. and D.
(Signed)

TIIOS. C. CL.XKI'CE,

£ii,i,'i>ii:er, Ol/iuva SuiTJcy,

C.

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Jaiuiai) 2nd, iS'io.

(.Siuned) THOMAS C. CLARKE,

Mnsineer Ottawa Surve).

.•I*J

I)

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(iliimns 4 and h wcic .Mlciilalcil l,v ili,- li.nnula 1 1 V '■' \ -

• .;vm;|. ' ;
llKM,i,anluic-.(.>aiiil(,),arta^Mnnf.ll,. h. tlu- I.mm anil fjivalf.t M.lunu- nf ualcr. icH.rtivtK
wliicli will pass nvr llu- |)nni-.

(Siyiifd) 'I'lIO.M.A.S (', CI,,\RKK,

i'-nuiiiL-ti, ( )iia\\a Suiacn.

Janiiar) 2n(l, 1.S60.

•Thi'sf (piantilifs inclu.lc ihf -upply ilrawn fnim Lake Nipi..ii,i; i„ :,i|il|ii,i„ ,,, .|,^, |„-..,.
i)( till- Mallawai;.

lit 'li^iliai^i-

l,S

IN
rS

I, Si

IS:

I St

l,Ss(

ill

1 85;

|S5(

'«55
185(1

.'III

do

'«57

.•j;i

!•:

''\l II "I lai;,.l- l'KnrKII|.K,s.

'II 'I I /Ollf ■111,1 OVC I .

I car.

\.\.\ii;

1856

<lu

<lo

•857

do.
do
d(i.
do.
1S56

'«57
do
do

do.
1856

1850.

do.
<lo.

''\S7.

1S5.S

do

<lo

'«.S7.

.Acinu

iVIIi'tjIi.iny .

Adri.iiic. . .

'Chira^'o. . .

|Cuylialioj;ii

. Corru't. ...

• .jDncotali. , .

iKi|iiiiiM,\. .

■ 'l''cli|i.su. . , .

■|l';'|'l''>lor. . .
. I Kvfrj;rix'ii I
:l'"rfo .Stall'. .

• iKoiiiiiiiin ('it
<ialun,,.. .

• (liinici .

• ilroii (ily

• I Iowa

. 'Jersey Cily. .

iKiiioslia . . .

. ! Moiili;i)iiitiy

I.Moli.iwk...

■ Mfiidola. . ,
MiKvaiikci'.
May Klowcr

;\ilu

iNl'llllllK'. . . .

.W'w \iirl< . .
iN'orllitrn I.iyl
Oriiiiial , . '

l'l)Mlolll|l. .

,1'illsl.iiri,'. . .

I'oUiiiiac. . . .

KaciiiL'

Kockfl . . .
Tonaw.mda.
U'ciiona ....

ily.

il. ,

■ri .( Il.iil,

iliiill.i

• I'lioiii . . . ,
. . Iliillalo ..
■ |l liMlaiid. .

. . Iliil'lalo

. t'liAilaiiil. . .
, .,Hiit(alo

Md.

Iliillal
. Clivcl
. Iliillalo .

MuiiUiiU

< 'IfVcl.llllI

I 'ciroil . . .
Jiullal.... .
'"kvtiand

liiiHalo..
I iiiiiUirk
CIi'vlI.iiiiI

lUilli

Uo

(■|l'\ eland

n

c
c

702

(16)
7.SS
(kji

fi22

1)20
()20
O.'O
024

76,S

.Sliilinyjian

liullalo

cicvviand ....■.:;:'::;:;.' S20

09(j

j OS(j

I 607

ySi

••• i ^M

''45
N7';
7S9
709
h^o

700

''75
6f)i;

716

N50
.S46
()i i()
81.S

715
611
922

«),S.S

Ovir al

H l.cnuili. IJiaiii.

190 C
1720
17S0

■ S.-j

"AJ4
1.S50
i»5.u
iSso
1 92-6
196 (J
21U-U
1 9 50
2<io u
1X4-2
2470
1S2 o

194-7

204 -u
200 ()
l<),{-9
20f) (J
1S5.O ,

iSS-o I
hSl.M I
1X2-1
207-0

2,^4-0

212-0

1x5-0
2090
1 9(10
l.Si-i

1950

2S.7
.J I 6

29 o
.{"•4

,{o-J
JO o

.^o o
-79
.il"
.{"•.5
304
joo

294
.51-0

29 5
27- 10

.J.i-5

.{"2

.50-7
2.S-0
2cS-0
2.S(.
,jO- 2
.52 (J
Jo o
J4 o
,j2o
2S-()

.;j-o

JO-O

.V'-6

January 2nd, 1860.

(Signed) THOMAS C. CI,.\RKE,

Kiiginccr On.iwa Survey.

Draft
when

loaJid

lo-o
109
10 o

rib
1 1-0

10 o
loo
10 fj

ICJ II

10 (I

I2()

10 ()
10 ()

96
116

106

I 10-0
no
ll-()

' 110

lot)
I I o

1 1-11
10 6
lo 0

10 ()
10 6
110

10 (i

110
loS
11-6

11-0

34

v.

Oi I AW \ \Vaikk> Ummi'Kox f.ii. - TalilL uf l)i>laiicc> ;iiul IaviI

Names ol l'ii\or>, l.aUo, Kapiils, S:c.

TiduwaUi, Three \\{\\i*

Montreal Harlxim

Lacliiiic

Lower St. Annes

Upper St. Amies

t'arillion KapUls

Above <lo

Chute a Woinleaii Kapiils . .

Al)ovc <lo

I'liot of Lonj; Saiilt l\apiils.

Grenville

Ottawa llarlHUir

AIjovc Cliamliere I'alN

Ahove Little lio

A\iovc Keiiioiix Ra|ii(ls

Des C'henes Lake .

Foot of Chats Kails

Aliove Chats

Chats L;

DisTAM IS.

2 r; ' " -

~ - LI C --

- ~ c

t/.

- X

I'dot of Snows Kapiil

I load of do

■ I'ortat^e dil Kurt Rapid

I Ic.iil oi do

Mountain Rapid

Head of do

Head of Darbies Raiiid

I'oot of Calumet

Head of do

La Passe

/roila^edu I'ort Rapid

Roehcr f'endu I'alls

I'ool of Lon^ Rapids

I'oot of La liarriire

Muskrat

Mice.. ....._

La Fontaine's Lake

Hlack Rapids

lilaek Falls

I'lal Rapids

La I'asse

I'ool of .\llunielte Islan<l

Foot ol Chapeaii

Head of do

Foot of L'Islet

Head o( Culliule

lort William

Head of Deep River

Head of Dcs Joiichims Rapids....

Mouth of Ues Moines River

I'oot of McSorley's Rapids

Head of ilo do . . .

I'Dot of Rocher Capitainc Rapids.

O'OO i .

S-50 1.

22'0O I
22-IQ .
4770 I

49 ■o< 1 .

j.rio .

00-43

I Itj-jO

I iS-50

1 22

So

14')

55

• 50

"5

LSJ

lit

1/1

'A

'7'

^ij

175

73

•3-50

25-60

400

1-40

5O07

26-{)9

"7-97
4 4u

iSi-

1X4-14

Z02-2O

175 73
1.S3-00

1^4-5"
iS()-oo
1S700
iSSuo
lSS-50
uSi)-5.i
190-30
192-ou
195-92

20().()O
21543

2>5-5'>

220-J5
221-10
226-40
254-00

-'55<'4
203-30
20s- J5

2()9-o0

272-50

\y-\.^

^290
7-ot)

^•50

Li'-.vi:i.s.

■5H rt

jj « -J

8-50 I

-10 :

••30 !

-10

''■3''

3-'"
-20

I

I

10-27

5-t>9

1.64

4-95
-75

12-75

4375

•50

i-oo

1 00

'^•75

•t)5

4-00

-to

45-Jio

"2-30

42-30

S-10

2S0

9 80

•30
38-00
1 J -80

•JO
-C)o

1-90
13-00

0 20
"3-29

1-70

5-"5
.S5"7

4 21

0.(0

10-30

3 30

0-80

3-30

18-70

17-80

12-00

1-08

2-5'^
■70
-on

•57
1 7 09

■-30

2()-40
1 0<J

3-00
3-00
2-90

;H rt

0.00

12.75
56.50

57'|"'
58.<io
59.00

i'7-75

()7.8o

"1.80

71.90

117.70

120.CXJ

162.30

170.40

173.20

18 5.00

1X3-30
221.30
233-10

233-. >"
233 90

235- h"
248.80
255.(11 p
208. ji I
270.0s
275-70
33 '-37
335-5''i
248. So
2,(9.30
255-70
272.00

275-3"
282.10
285.40
304.10

32 l.<|o

33390

335-5''i
538.10

33^^-92
339-52
340.09

.557- If'
357- .1^
358.80

3''i5-2o
380. 20
389. 20
392.20
395- 10

02. 50
63.50
67.00
71.00

77-75

79.80

87.00

88. ?o

'32.50

1 40. CO

170.30

177.40

181.20

l()l.8o

193- .50

225.3"
2.(0. 10
240,30
.•43.00
245.80
257.80

205,c:(i
281 . 29
278.05
285.70
340-37

259. .^o
204.70

284.00

284.30

291. 10
293-40
314.10
331-90

34 3 -90
345- SS
3-t9.i6
349-92
250.52
3.50.59
3(,'4.i:i
36.1 o

30.^ . ^

4U-.20

403.90

6.00
6. 50

9 . Ol 1

12.00
10.00
12.00
15.20
1 0. 40
14.80
2n,00
8 oO
7.00

8 . 00

8 . 00
10. 00

4.00
7.00
7.00
10.00
10.00

9 . 00

1 0. ( H )

13.00
8 . 00
lo.ixj
9.00
10.00

10.00
9.00
12 00
9.00
O.oO

8.00
10.00
10.00
lo.oo
lo. 00
11,00
IF. 00
11.00
1 o. 50

■; 00
0.7,
') '■..

1- o.>

17.70

* Kstiniated at 2.31

•^n

V. — CoiitiiiiiCit

Names o| lsi\t'rN, l.aUi's, U.ipids. \c-.

lltMil o( Roclui Cainlaino Rapid-. . .

ImioI of Di'iix Kiviiifs Ra))i(ls

I load o( do do

l''oo| of Tiou Kajiids

lU'ail of Ti-ou l\a| ids (at Mic .Macs),

I'ool of I, a \ I'illre

I lead of do

i'ool of Uocky l''anu Rapids

Ilo.id of ilo do

1-oot of loliiisoii's Rapid-

Ilca.l of ,lo

l'"ooi of Mallaw.iM Rapiils

Ilca.l of ,lo

-Month of Matlawali River

1)ISIAMI1'..S.

S. <^

•!7.vS,S

2S6.0I
2S6.70

2S7.I5

2SS. 10
2SS.70
296.75
.^01.50

507.00
507.60
_;oS.(X)
joS.ixo

' r^

^—

— c

c .s

^ c a

-C

S '^■

txLsP

'J.

C -.r.

c z >

V rt

'^

-J y.

^"

-'A

'J.S

11.70

.40

.()()

S.05
5-05

.6c'

5JJ-CT

242.5

0.45
0-95

0.()0

4- 7 5

0.4s
0.40

65.4S

Li-vi't.s.

^ ~ -It.
ii! "rt Ic

750
0.40

S.S"
.So

4.90
.10

2.90

471. »o
471.Sc
4S0. 50
4S1. in
.(Sd.txi
4S6. 1 ,1
.)S<) do
.)S().no

Sn.v.iO

14. CX)
I 5 6u

40. ()n I 450.00 450.00

4. .50 I 4.jo.,5o 45s. <)o

I2.()0 I 452.90

.So I 45.5.70

7.40 I ,(()!. 10 I 47S.50 I7..JO

2. So I 465.00 I

1 4.. 5.)

M.MT.WVAN AN'li FRENCH RlVKR VV.\TKR.^ U \ 1 M l'RC)\ HI ).

.00

1.00

9 ■ 00

12 0<J
I). 00

I <) ...o
S . oO

10.00
10.00

ll ».oo

ll 1.00

llo.=

17-7'

>fouth of the Maitawan .50S.00 242.52

Foot of Lac I'loin Chants Rapids and

C"liiitt

Foot of Lac I'lcin Chants..
Foot of Dcs Kpincs Rapid
I lea.l of do do

I'oot ('f Rapide de la Rose

.lo

Head of
I'l.ot of Rapid
I lead .if do
Foot ..f Riij.id
I lead of do

les Rochers .

.\iL,niilk

not 01

fCI

I'.i.es .los

Pares

Ili'ild of ilo

I'oot of I'etite I'aresseiiv Rapi.les.

Head 111 .lo ilo

Foot of Lac I'iniisi

Foot of Talon Chute

Ileatlof

d.

R

it lielow Lake Ta

Foot of LakeTal.

I lead of

de

Foot of Turtle Lake
Foot of Tr.iiit Lake
I leail of till

Fast shore of Lake Nipissinj;.
I lead of Chauilierc I'ortai^e . .
Foot of ilo
Foot of Chaudiere Rapids.
Head of Rapide du I'in

Fool of

d<

.510.40
.5 10. So
!?I('.25

.116.S5

.517.00
5IS.20

jio.ofi
^5 19-0 1
.?-2'-65
,521.85
.522. 20

322. :55

.?2,5..5S
.1245.?
.?247"

.525. 1 S

.125- 3.^
.?.?2..54
.5.5().oS

.^39..5(>
.547-79

.VS1.9>S
3S2.42
.5S2.72

,^'*4-o.?
391.60
,591.69

5-4.S

0-5.S

.20

0.70

2.64

'•15

7.01

,5.2s

50.44

7-57

65.4S

0.40
0.40

0.05

o.is

0.01

0.09

5-40
16.90
0.20
5.60
0.20
5.60

4S9.00

494 4"
511.30

Sii-5"
517.10

517..?"
522.911

1.4.1 524-.?"

4.S11

529. 1"

0.20

.V?.So

0.15
I..13

8.20

12. So

o.lS

,..15

42.7"
o.<)o

.?.74

20.9"

...90

4.10

0.50
'•3>

Fall
24.50

25-3"
0.70

o. Ill I 529.20

0.40 I 520.60
529.60
56 5-4"
563.4.'
571.60
5S4.40
5S4.40
627.1.1
627.10
62S.00
62S.00
657.Q0
65S.80
65S.S0

f>J4-.5"
6.54-.?"
6( 19. 00

60S. 30
60S,. 50
605.7.1

2.6(1

f>.?.vl"

5-1"

(150.70

6()i.6o

r.S..
"2. So

641.60

612.00
611.90

7-.?"
3-7"

:?(•)

V .—Colli itmcii.

Xanius of Kivt'is, Lakes, Ra|iiils, i\:c.

llcail (if (iianili' I'aucilli' Kajii
l-'oot of ilo do

Mead of Rapid dii 15uisson
ImmiI ol cli)

Head of IV'lile l^'aucellc Ra
Fool of do

Head of Rapide de I'arisien
Foot of do

HeadofCrand Recollel Rapid
Foot of do do

Head of Small Kapid

Foot of do

Head of Small Rapid

Foot of do

Hea<l of ['elites Dalles Rapi

Fool of do

VIoiith of I'lench River. . .

DlSI AM KS.

in z-,-.r.

.W2.

39.?'
303 ■
394
395.
395.

412,
412.

413
413
417,

417.

427.
42S.
43".

45
53

22

32

Ol'

49
70

72
74
74

S2

54
64
Si
02
76

" 'A ^ -y.

.76

o.()9

0

46

1.49

17

02

3-72
ro.17

2.74

o. 10

351-**!

(1.22
0.21
().o2
o. oS
o. 10

0.21

7S.95

430.76

I,K\ Kl>.

5 kll

o.lo

5.60

0.40

4.4(1

o.Sc

O.So

('.10

0.70
2.00

605.
61 )( 1.

599-
596

S9f>
591
591

5S<,.

5«9.
5S2.
5S2,
SS2,
5S2,
5S0,
5S(,
574
574

"-J s J=

009. (.0

59^.3')

593-7"

583.9(1

6.41

3.S..

3..1..

(Signed) THOMAS C. CLARKE,

Engineer, Ottawa Survey.

I

January 2nd, i860.

37

" G."

>)nAUA Waikks lMPRnvKi..-Tal.lcof Disia:

N.

I lead of Des ChCnes I,ake.
Chats ("anal

i^i'ck and Dam.... , ,., ,,

Chats ].ake | 5-75

151.35

Foot of Snows

Lock ami Dam

I'ortat^L' (111 Fori R.ipiiis

Locks and Dam ,

Kocher Fendu Chute

Locks and Dam

Long kapids

Lock
Lafi

orman

S

50 Ol)

6.00

12.00 '

8.00;

10.00 '

38

r. "

Oi'iAWA VVairrs Imi'ROVF.I). — Table of Distances and Levels. — (Coittiniwd.)

Names

Locks and Dam .

niack Falls . . .
Lock and 1 )am

I^akc Coulonge

Kool of Chapeau

Lock and Dim.

L'Islet

Lock and Dam

Fort William

Foot of des Joachims.

Foot of des Joachims Rapids.
Lock and Canal

.•!§

DiSI ANCK.S.

■5 « jd

1S9.30

I9".4.5
190.50

215-43

2 JO. 35

2^0.42

i.i-

18.32
24.93

.07
1.05

4.8.5

Fool of McSorley's Rapids

Lock and approaches

Foot of Rocher Capitaine

Locks and Canal

River In head of Rocher Capitaine

Locks at head of Rocher Capitaine

I'oot of Deux Rivieres

Locks and Canal .

Foot of Johnson's Rapids,
Locks and Canal

Mouth of Mattawa River.

22O.40
254.00

254.00
254.57

268.25
268. 38
272.50

272.95
273.65
273-«5
288.5s

28O.01

3"6.S5
3.1;;. 00

308.00

33.58

33.58

.0/
.07

Ll'.VIM.:

a.^

z>^ 1

PI

■il :

12.00
12.00

339. 3' >

.14

0.57

13.68
4.12

o. I •

0.45

0.70

11.70

20.54

5'-74

0.4(1

'>.45

20

3.19-3"
339-3"

351-3"
357-20

357-5"
358-5"

358.80
396. So

2.00

12.00
6. no

i ;

1 04 . 00

1 8 . 0( )

294-5"

13.00
13.00
12.00

400.811
425.8.

4tl ^"

486.8(1

507.00

I I

f :

I!

I 1

1 5.00

(l.oo

13.00
6.00

12.00
12.00

1 2. 00

6. ( 10

1 2. on
8. 00

«4

148.20

.'50

"G."

Ottawa \Vatkr> Fm provko, -Table of Distan

Nil

CCS and i^iivds,~(Gm/uJfJ.)

I)I:STAN( ES.

Levels.

I Mniith ,,f ^[,•lllawall River
I l'""l i>f Lncl'kii) (ham- 1
I K.ipidsan.l ChiUc (

I Lock.s and Dam

Mb

I l''<«it ,)f Riipidu df la K,,.m;.

j; I I.()ck and approaches

> ; Foot (if rarcssciix Chiilc
^ I • • • •

= I Lock and approaches

I I Ko„t „f iviit l'arc.v-,cux Rapid
•*• I Lock and approaches

I I'oot (if Talon Clinic

I Lock and apprcjachcs

I l''oo( ofl.akc Tallin

' Lock and approaches. ...'.

V I Taion Lake

- 1 Turtle i.ake Out lei!!!.

■r I Troni and Turtle Lakes.

= i Summit Cut

5 I Lake Xipissinj;

.)OS.oo

310.40

310.56

.516.85
.1 1 7.03
321.65

.5.M.S5

322.20

32^.40

324-53

324-75

325- kS
325.30

5hJ
>5

.40

I 5"7.oo

o-'6 j 533-00

6.29
4.62

o. rS

546.00

1 1

0-20 j 574.00 II '

0.35

2-13

0.20

0.43

16.22

0.22

596.00 !| ■

I J. 00
13.00

IJ.OO

14.00
14.00

11.00

11.00

3 (J

_ J

a ._

~ o

f39So

I Head (if Cliaudierc l'orlat;e )
! Lake Nipi.ssiiiL'. . ' 1

I '

I

I Locks and Hasin. .

5 1

■ ~ I Head (.1 Rapide du liui.sson

~ , Lock and a|)pro.ache.s

t! I Rapide de I'arisien \'\'

■^ I Lock and approaches. . .
■^ I (;rand Recollel Rapids ....',

I Lock and approaches '.

I i'etites Dailes Rapid ........

I Lock and Canal . . . .

I Mouth of French River.... (
' ( ieur^ian liay \

330.0S
347. 70
3Si.9'S
3S2.42

3^^2.4:

i.oS

9.00 ;
ri.71

30-44

51-15

!.7S
4.19

\ • '4-50
\ • '4-50
I I 14-50

1 1 . 50

651.00 .

5-97

651.00

3S2. 72

Totals

393-22 I 10.50

.V).\-i'& I

395.61 ! 2.23

395-70 I

412-65 ! 16.95

412.74 I

427- <S4 15. 1 (

428.02

430. 76

2.74

47-52

401.44

0.30
o. i6

O.0(J

0,09
0.1S

651.00 .

621.00 J I
( I

611,00 I

601.00 I

588.00 ' I '

574-00 i '

0.82

29.32

10.00
10.00
10.00

10.00

10.00

13.00

14.00

January 2nd, i860.

(Signed,)

II

144.00

64

77-00
663.70

THOS. C. CLARKE,
Engineer Ottawa Survey.

II.

Abstracts of Estiniatcs.

Saint Anncs

Carillon

Chute a Hlonfluau .
Citcnviili;

Green Shoals

Chauiiioro and Dcs

Chats

Snows

I'ortamj (111 Fort.
Kochcr I'cniUi. . .

Lake C!oulonj;o

C'hai)L'au, rislct, &c.
l)es Joachims. ,
McSorloy's. ... . ■ .
Rochcr Capitaine. . .

Deux Rivitrcs

Johnson's

I'lein Chants . . .
l)e ia Rose . . .

I'aresseux .

I'etile I'aresseux
Talon Chute . . .
Talon Lake . . . .

Summit Cutting

Chauiliere of French Ri'

Rapiile ilu Huisson

I'ariien Rapid

( Irand Rccollet

relilcs Dalles

Add 5 per cent, for Krgiueering and Superinten<lence

$

J07741 So

14431S -^5
1197S52 JO

133.556 50
287396 10
S560S8 00

327773 ("'^

169375 «S

553543 70
4 1 994 1 40
287019 20

215744 35
123573 20
242096 20
212116 45
270105 05
98518 65

j()8925 02

"|J2()I2 50
108,558 90

I3''34y 20
159870 90

$
469672

1649909
1 36 1 05

Si 6733
681932

256840
262514
243507

1757653

1162154
2 1 60369

880117

II4S35"5
574175

120576S0

\V.

(Signed) THOMAS C CLARKE,

Engineer, Ottawa Survey.

January 2nd, iSfJo.

n

ITKMS.

(.HkiiiIiIil's,

WOKK A I SaIM A.NM.'s

1.0(1- No. I.

I\ciiiiivint; (j|(l Lock Walls Cilliic yds.

Kxcavaliiiii, iiicluiliiit; iiiini|)int;, itc, . . do

l-jidiaiikinciil dd

M.vSdiiry in Lock Walls, face and CdpinL; do
d(i <1 p (111 Culvurls. .... ill.

di) ilii (111 liackini; du

Kulililc .Masunry in C'cniunt do

Ciin.Tilc Masonry do

Tiinlicr in fouii<lali'ins I.inl. fcot.

\\'iniii;lit Iron in loinidations I.hs.

( 'ast Iron ilo

Milrc Sills, c..ni|iK'lc

( 'ulvcrl ( lalfs, coniplcli:

Lock Cialcs, coniplulu

2900

IJ4S00

40()0

205.S
14S

450'J

20J0
450U

/'urs.

I'inc Tindicr Link fctt.

\Vroni;lu Iron IJis.

liallcrcd Wall in Ccnicnl ( Ailiic yds.

Slonc lillint; . <lo

Liniiii; willi earth, iVc do

Co(l\>- /.hi/iis to lie i-lIiioi'cJ.

I'inc 'I'indiLT [.•ink fcul.

Linini; with carlli, iVc Culiic yds.

I'lank' do

WiiRk Al ('AKri.l.uN.

I.od;^ Xo. -' aiiii J. '

l!xc,ivalion of Rock ., Ciiliic yds.

Kiiiioval of (Jril) Work . ... do

I'anlianknicnl . . do

M,i>onry in lock walls, facr and copiii!;. do

do do ( 'ulvuri^ do

do do liackini:; do

Kulililo .Masonry in Ccnicnl do

CoiicrcU- .Masonry do

Timber in foundations Liid. feci.

Wronj^ht Iron, in do Ll)s.

(ast Iron do

Milrc sills, complete

Lock ijalcs, i;oniplclc

Culveil L^.iles, complete

.S5.S400
147600

494
-Scj.So
56400

'5750

»')So

<>4oao

,50000
1 0000
5".i5

40S2

2Q6

.J03S

.57S>

1/'

4040

9010

1 1 560

/>,im.

I'iiie Tindier Link feet.

i'kmk inchidini; Spike !•'. 11. M.

Wrought Iron LI is.

Sioni' lilliin; Culiic yds.

.Slope or pavement wall do

Haltered wall do

Co(fer Paiii^ to he leiiio-.n li.

Pine Tinilier Link feet.

Stone filling Culiic yds.

Linini; with earth, i*tc do

1 1 3000

542000

46000

47000

4850

9413

31500
3700
2000

Trice.

$ CIS.

" 75

I 50

o 25

12 oO

16 00

iS (X)

Amount.

Total.

$ cts.

2175 U'J

2o22oo 00

10 1 5 00

(1 00
o IS
o 15

O 10

24660 00

236S 00

36072 00

$ cts.

205390 oO

o 1(1

0 10
4 oo

'.1
.j.S

'1 2

o '^'*
O 60

26 00

$ Cls.
I oO

" 5"

12 00

I'l 00
6 00
4 5"

6 00
.1 kS
o 15

O lo

U I()

22 00
o lo

0 5,,

1 50
J 25

0 22

o 75

o 30

4:18 00
(17 S 00

57s 00
025 00

5000 UO
(150 00

'.>7.i44 ""
147(10 00

1976 oO

19745 O'

12740 00

71399 60

3465 00

40.S CO

2444 oO

$ CIS.

30000 1.0

5000 CMI

'27'\5 75

4S()S4 00

475(1 00

54J2S oO

17023 50

186565 (JO

6317 0(1

$469671 60
$ ct.s.

477S3 75

S16

00

6,S()

80

1.55'

1156

5"

< M 1

1250

OJ

1255"

00

1300

00

144081 80

340S0 (.0
7524 00

4600 00
23500 00

7-'75 00
30592 25

6930 00

2775 "O

600 00

107571 25

10305 00
$309741 80

4-'

I. — Cull fi lined.

ITKMS.

WOKK AT fill IK A l!l.CiM>K,Ar.

/.I'lV Xo. .f.

I'Acavaticm of Rock C. ycK.

Eml>anUn'.i.'nl <l"

Masonry in Ldck walln, fncc ami copinj;. . ilo

(Ici (1(1 C"lllV(.TlS. (Ill

do do HacUinjj. . do

KuliMe Masonry in Ccmcnl do

Concrutt; Masonry do

Tinil)(.'r in fonndalions Linl. (l.

\Vr(iiiij;lU Iron in do .. Llis.

Cast Ir#n do

Milre Sills, c()ni|ilL'tc

Lock dates, coiniilciu . . .

Culvert Gales, complete

Dam.

rinc- Timber i-inl. ft,

Flank, incUidini; Spike I''. I!. M.

Wrought Iron I<l's.

Stone filling; (\ yds.

Slope or iiavement wall >lo

liatlered wall in Cement do

Cflffii' Dam to he reiiioi'tuL

Timber

Stone tillinf;

Lining with earth, \c.

Linl. ft.
.C. yds.
. . do

WOUK AT (iKK.WII.I.K.

/.oikf IV'K 5, 6, 7 aitii S.

Excavation of Earth C. yds.

do Loose Kock do

do Solid do do

Masonry in Lock Walls, face and coping . do

do ilo Culverts do

do do liacking do

Rubble Masonry in Cement do

Concrete di'

Timber in foundations Linl. ft.

Wrought Iron Lbs.

Cast iron do

Mitre Sills, complete

Lock (iates, complete

Culvert Gates, complete

Canal Jiaiiks.

Stone tilling made from Cuts C. yds,

riank, including Spike F. 15. M,

Slope or pivenient wall C. vds

Mattered wall dry do

do do 'n cement do

327000
45900

19454
2I2()

,5437

I 5200
I S( i( )
Io2o

56 1 000

25200

566300

7662

522

16925
410
S44
15210
I I9S0
20230

o 16

22 00
11 lo

0 60

1 50

J 75

$ cts.
3"

(')0

I 00

12 (Id

16 00

6 00

4 5"

6 00

iS

•5

«573<'

27197

773f>"
5756O

1 5"

2 75

3 25

14 1 36 00
7194 00
4390 00

1 1660 40

3193 5"
12SS5 75

3.544 00

Ii>oo 00

306 00

$ Cl.s.

I0S3O' 00
15120 00

53402 C5

i(^<^i

91944 (.0

8352 Oo

I0I550 00

IS45 00

5004 00
2737 So
1797 00

2023 00

2190 00

I.S250 00

2275 00

$ Cts

4S9720 00

23X007 S(i

21432 50

4'>795 5"
212795 ""
1S70S9 50

Masd

4621 12 5(!

48

I — Continued.)

ITI'.MS.

CotT>)- iKii/is to he leiiiovtil .

Tiiiilur

StdiK' lilliiij^'

Linint; with earth, itc .

..l.inl. ft
. . ( '. yds

.. ill,

WoiJKAi (;i<KKN S.iOAl.s, and dredi^ini; ,.f the
iivur Lulvvucn (.rcen Shoals and Ottawa^

Kxcavation ,.f rock within ccfilcr dam . . C vds
Drcdf^Mif,' of Channel '

I'IKKS,

I'inc timber

Linl. (t.

Stone hllini:. ... /' ,

\Vn.nj,.ht Irnn ! ! '. ! ! '. ". ! '. ' T,'''

I.uiing with earth, kc '.','. .".'..'('. yds'

Cdl IK.K liANt> TO 111-, KKMO\K|,.

I'ine timlier

Stone lillint;

l-ining with earth, itc.

Linl. ft.

C. yds.

WouK AT Ottawa C'itv, inchidint; all lo the
head of the Dii Chenes Rapids.

/-0,ks N . g, 10, //, ,J, /J „;„/ y^.

Excavation of Rock . Cuhic yar.ls

KxcavationofRockat foot of locks within

cofferdams, incliidint,' pumpuiL'
Kxcavationof Rockat theRemoiix with

in colter dams, includini; pimipini:

Removal of old crihs ' '

Removal of bridge piers ] .

l^nibaid<ment

do
do
do

Masonry in lock walls, face and coping'

'lo do f'ulvert.s '.

•'" do Hacking;

Coursed ridible masonry at head of lock

12

Ridible masonry in cement

Concrete

Timber in foiindn lions '

Wrought Iron in foundations . . . . . " ' 'li',.

Cast Iron j "

..,•. .,, do

iMitre sdls, complete

Lock gates, complete

Culvert dates, complete

Swing Rridge [ //_

do
do
do

do
do
do
Linl. ft.

^•uantities.

Price.

27800
2i;oo
1320

$ Its.

22

60
JO

Amount.

$ I t>.

61 16 00

1500 00

.596 00

Tot.i

$ ( ts

94"2 I

2l » )OOl )

24J760

833J

1 6000

6166

107

J4370

12673

74cS

32166

3562

S'3

.V>7

9110

31 120

29120

$ Its.

2 SO

o 30

166510

0 16

I72IO

0 75

1 1756

0 10

3700

0 30

$ Its.

23505 Oil
60O110 00

80 12 Oo

L?'J9Z^''5230

$ Cts.

83505 00

30030 I o 25

2470 ; 1 00

1200 ; ,, r,o

26641 60

12975 Oil

I 175 60

mo 00

7507 so

2470 no
720 00

41902 20

1 0697 51

$ Its.

o 90

' 50
2 00

o 30
o 50
o 25

10 00
16 00

5 00

6 SO

4 5"

6 (ID

o iS
o 15
o 10

$ Its.

219384 00

12499 50

32000 00
1849 80

, S3 50
' 8592 50

126730 00

1 1968 00

160830 00

23153 "O

3658 50
1842 00
1639 80

3168 Co
2912 00

3125 00

29300 Oil
3250 00

7000 00 j

$136104 71

$ cts.

274379 30

37S576 30

44

-Contiiiiad.

ITKMS.

Ihiiiii and Ctiiia/ Hanks.

I'iiU' Tiinlicr Ljnl. ft,

I'l.ink, incliuliiit; siiikc V. I!. M.

Wroiij^ht Iron Lbs.

Slime lilliiij; Cubic yds,

Slii|ie or I'avL'Mient wall

liallircd wall, laid dry

liattcrL'd wall in cumt'iil

I'uddlc wall

Liniiif,' with chip stoni' and (;ra\ cl

do

do
.io
do
do

Coffti />tinis, .', /o Ih- nmoved.

I'inu Timber |,inl. ft,

Sione t'l!inj4 ...Cubic yds,

Wri'iii^lit Iron IJis.

Lining with uarlli, \c Cubic yd.s,

WoKKs \r iiiK CiiAis Kaiihs.

I.chs Nos. lS,/(>, /y, /S (ii/i/ i,y.

Kxcavation of earth Cubic yds

tlo of rcjck do

do of do within cofler dam

inchidin}; puniiiinj^ dcj

I!iubanUnient . ,1,,

do

do

do

<lo

d(

Masonry, Icjck walls, facini; and coping

do do culverts

do do bacUinij

Rubble masonry in cenienl

(^merete

Tindur in found.ition Linl. It.

\Vr(.ut;ln iron in do lJ,s

Cast Iron ,1,,

Plank, inclmlini; spike !•'. 1!. M

Mitre sills, coiiii)lete

Lock ^ates, complete

Culvert j;ates complete

Daiiii and Ficrs.

l-Acavation Cubic yds.

I'ine tindier Linl. ft.

riank, includin)! spike !■'. I;. M.

Wrought Iron Lbs.

Stone tilling Cubic yds.

Slope or ])avemenl wall do

Haltered wall in cement do

Lining with chip stone and gravel do

Coffer Damn — one half to he removed.

I'ine timber ■ Linl. ft.

Stone Idling Cubic yds.

Lining with earth, itc do

W'oKK Ai riiE Snows, hu Cuk.naux Kai'ids

Lock No. 2o.

E.xcavaiion of rock Cubic yds.

Embankment do

166200

J 1 0400

91690

14540
6.S00
2S.50

10224
.5560
2770

1 56260
1S799
15249

5500

32500
77645

4444
74,52.5

91N7

600

27726

4jJ

iSoS

2.5.500
10.S56

2.534"
S94, ,0

<Juantities. I'rice.

400

291S402

407500

.S7470

45555

2734

294,1

331"

95530

10014

2190

16600
17100

o 16

22 00

o 10

o 75

' 5"
J 00

3 5"
o 45
o 50

0 20

1 00
o 10

50

,i*^

$ cts.

3 50

o I

.1

12 00

16 00

(. 50

4 5"
6 00
o 16
" 15

O III

20 Oil

2 50

" '5
20 00

0 Io

II So

1 5"
4 0,1
o 40

0 20

1 20

o 50

I 'Is.

• 75

o 20

Amoimt.

Total.

26592
()82S
9169

1 091,5

9750
.S490

3^7S4
1002

\5i

3>S52
1,S799

'524
1650

00
So
00

oO

00

CO

00

00
on

Jo

00
00

00

109951

.So

53.^25
$816733

90
3"

$ I'ts

8.25
1941 12

00
5^-'

$ lis.

15554 00
1114S 45

1 22S9J9 95

1 1 1 224 00 i

9600 00 j

134719 "II '

194''' 50 [

10848 00 i

3728 no
1628 40
2334 IJO

1788 00

.'50II 00

20750 00

2600 00

302687 80

1000 ()0

44760 30

9950 00

S747 00

36444 00

4 to! 00

1 1 7'jo I lO

1324 00

I9I06 Oo

1 20 1 6 80
1095 no

$ Its.

29050 00

3420 00

I 18086 !0

32217 ,So

$j8i93i 95

$~(Tsr

32470 GO

».*»

I. — Continued.

ITK.MS.

Mnsntiry In Luck uiill>, face ami copinn Ciil

'I" ll" fuhxTtS

'I" il" MackiiiK

Iviilililo MiisDiiry ill cinicni

<'iiiu:ri'Hj Miisiiiiry

Tiiiil)ur in fmindations j^

Wrmit'lil iron in (In \

(Jasi iriiii in do

Milrc Sills coniplclc .'. ...

l-nck y.iU's L'diiiiiletf \

Culvert j;aic.s c()ni|)luli;

lie yds,
do
<lo
do

do

inl. fi.

. .Ihs.
..lbs.

Daiii^ and J'icrs.

Ilxcavaiion

I'lnc Timber

i'lank inchiilinf; Spike

Wroiifihl iron

Stone lillinj;

I5allered walls in cement

Lined with Chip Stone, Cravel, etc . .

Coftr Daiii to ic reiiiorcc/.

I'ine Timber

Stone tillinj^

Lining with earth, etc

Cubic y<ls.j
...Link ft.i
...K.ii.M.I

.Cubic yc

(to
do

..Link ft.
• Cubic yds.
do

WoKK AT PORlAtiE DU FoKT RaI'IDS.

Lotks Nos. 31 aiiil 22.

Lxcavation of Rock Cubic yds.

Kmbankment ,i,.

do
do
do
lo

.Masonry in Lock Walls, face an I coping

do Culvert

do Hacking .' .' .■ ;

Rubble Masonry in Cement

Concrete do .....

Tiiiiber in foundations i^jp]

Wrought iron in foundations 1|

Cast Iron ' ' II

Mitre Sills complete I

Lock ( jaies complete

Culvert Gates complete. .

Dam.

I'ine Timber ]^i„|_ f,

I'lank, including Spike F. Ji.M.

Wrought Iron "_ '\\^^

Mattered Walls in Cement Cubic yds

Stone fillipgl ,1^, ■

Lining with Chip Stone, Gravel, etc i|o

Coffer Dain—owAhinl to he removed.

Ti'i'l'er Link ft.

.Stone hlling Cubic yds.

Linmg with Earth, iS:c ,io

I

• luaniitics.

2248
148

5205
J')8

n
2020

45""
57S0

160
j"24y
31700

8000

1S75
450

'433"

1460

160

47200
14056

4016

296

S799

136

4040

9000

11560

I'rice. .\mounI. [ Total.

14 00

I S On

''75
4 5"
6 00
o 17

" 15

o 10

2 00
o IS

2o Oo

0 10

1 00

350
o 50

o 20

' 25

"50

S cts.
1 4(j

o 20

14 X)
iS 00

675
450

6 00
o 17

o 15
o 10

134 '5"

0 15

33"7"0

2C Oo

44875

0 lo

8685

3 75

13784

060

2190

0 50

3411.)

0 20

1440

I 00

'54

0 50

314721.0

35 "33 75

2()l)4 00
1791 00
462 00
343 ""
},:•,! SO
578 00
625 00
5050 00
650 00

3-!"

4537

"34

800

0562

00

35
00
00
00

SO
00

797"6 6s

2866
1825

80

00
00
00

16408 85

4771 00
^$'33356 S"

$ cts.

66080 00

281 1 20

$ cts.

56224 00

68891 20

5328 00

59393 25

1665 00

81600

686 00

ns" "<)

I I 56 (JO

1250 GO
1()700 00

1 3<)o 00

21342 00

6674 00

139868 25

4487 5(j

32568 75

8270 40

1095 r)o

74437 65

4(5

I. — {CoiitiiiHi'd,)

riK.MS.

WOKk Al RoCllKk !'"KMiU C'llANNKI..
l.Oik< Noi. 23, 24. 2;. 26, 27, 2S, 29 iiihl 311.

Excavation of Solid KccU (". yards.

Kxcnvalioii of Loose Kock

liniliankmciit

( >iianliiii-

do

do

Masonry in Lock-walls, faci' and copinj;. , do

do (111 Culverts do

do do Hacking do

Kul)l'l(.' NL-wonry in Cement do

Concrete Masonry do

Tind)er in foundations Lineal feet,

Wrouylu Iron in foundations Ilis,

Cast Iron llis,

Mitre Sills, com]ilete

Lock (jates, cociiiiletc

Cidvert dates, complete

I'ine 'I'imlier Lineal feet.

riank, including Spike !•'. U. .M.

Wroiiglit Iron Ilis.

.Stone tilling Cubic yar is.

Mattered wall in Cenienl do

Lining with Chip Stone, Gravel, i^c do

I'ine Timber Lineal feet.

Stone tilling Cubic yds.

Lining with earth, etc do

ir<ts/c- llWr.

Oak Timber Cubic feet.

Oak I'lanks V. li. M.

Wrought Iron Ib.s.

Rubble ALasonry Cubic yds.

Masonry in Arches do

Work ai' Lakk Coulonoe and Cui.uute
Channel.

Dredging Cubic yds.

I'xcavation of Rock do

P/ers ami Coffif Dam.

f)0ci2i 1

32011
4i<''4.S

I5()4.S
1044

367S0
2174

444
l6f)So

31 1 1 2( 1

4i)6cSo

I'ine Timber

.Stone Filling . .

Lining with earth, etc.

274(^7,1

3«5.Soo

7155"

3794f<

12.S74

2222

.51245

410

54"
3920
1 1 76

355
60

424500
43jJ<'

214050
1S610
1 0300

I'rici^.

$ els.

' 5"

o 0(1
o 3,,

14 00
iX 0(1

^'75
4 75
(.5,,
11 17

" '5

11 111

" "5

2(1 (111
11 111
I no
4 o(i

(1 50

' -.1
(.50

" ''3
25 00

" '5

5 0,1

14 0(1

$ Cts.

030

2 00

16

60
30

.\uii unl.

Total.

$ el,.
()i)o3ii 00

l()2o 00
1249 J 5.1

223272 (k;

I.S792 00

24X265 00

111326 50

2SSt) no

2S35 60

4;iJi 00

406.S IMi
4575 00

3Nlm > (HI
4550 00

1
412455,1 i

$ ct>.

".m3S'

562 iSS III

77'o 00

7'55 ""
3794,Soo

51496 (Id

1 1 1 1 00

135 00

9S 00

176 40

177500

S40 00

$ cts.

12735000

S66611 00

3424S 00

1 1 166 00

3090 00

10766 5(

3024 40
$836088 00

$ cts

2140I0 00

4S504 00
$262514 (lO

I. — (C<»//in/ii'(f,)

FTKMS.

(JunntiticN,

Trices.

AinDiiiii.

Tiial.

NVOKK Al (;ilArKAr, L-Isi.,.,1, ASt. (VlMlTI.

Ka.'ids.

/■oc/cs m>s. j/ iii/,/ j j.

KxcHvati.mof knck, Chai.LMU anil L'I,lei . C. y.K

hxcavaiion of Kock, CuHjuIl' ,i,,

iMnliankmeiit

(I

ilo

Mascmry in I.nckwalls, face and cpini;
'" '1" Culverts.....

L, ,,'" ,. ''" liarkint;

riiH)l)lf Masonry in Ct-nifni

t-'oncrulL' Masnnry

Timber in fdiindaiions '.',.'.'.

Nyriiii),'lit Iron in do ■'.','.'..'.'.'.

fast I run

.^^itrl• .Sills complfti' ......!....,

I.iick ( iaUvsconiplfiu

("iilvcri (iaiLN cdinpleif. .. ,.

.1

/>IVI

Tint- Timl)cr.

(Id
(]o

do

(Id

dd
,inl. ft
. . Ll)s
. , lid

I.inl. ft.

i)i„„i . , ,..■.. i.nii. It

I lank, inchidnij,' ipikt- j.-, |j_ ;vj

Lbs.

^Vrdll^;lu Irdn.

Iblloroil \s"all in Cement . ... /•' X,i'

Sidne lilJinti !... I

I.inint,' with Chip stone, sravej, ,{c! .......

(Id
do

Coffer ham lo In n movcti.

!;;":' ■'^;v.''^'- Lini. fi.i

•^V".^'-' '■"'"K C vds

I'lnniR wall eaith, iVc ,f,,

Wast, Wei,:

Oak Tiiid)er c r .

OakPhnk ■.■..•.■.•.•.'.•. kS/m-

^Vr.ui^ht Iron U.^

l<ul.l)leM.isonry ... /'

Arch do . ^-y'"'-

A'OKK AT Dks JoA( IIIMS RaiIDs,

Locks No. sj, j^, ,.,-.

E.xcavalion of Rock r ,„i^.

Embankment " T •

Removal df I'eirs, Cril.s, Ac. '.'.'.'.".'.'.['.".'. ,'io

22IOd

20dd

I2I9d

4.}'2

296

HS44

icS6
•36

404(1

QodO
11560

.^240
60170

rjs2d

2776

42S.?

726

51092

571"
1740

5^7
392"
1176

260
61

1970"

5>5<>"

493"

$ Cts,

1 4d

2 00

" 3"

14 Od

15 do

6 75
4 75
" .S"
" 17
" 'S

O Id

" '5

2d Od
d Id
4 dd

o 70
" 5"

0 2d

1 o(j

d 50

d 25
25 dd

" '5
4 5"

lO dd

$ CIS.

,jd94d (JO
4ddd do
,^^'57 ""

6(]_56S do
S32S dd

79947 ""

S,Sj 5d

6,S6 ,Sd

'35" ""
1156 dd

■ 25" (Id

i"4dd (Id
idd (Id

49S6 (Id

I2d,5 41,

• 35-2 O"

1 1 1114 dd

299S Id

,56s do

I021S 40

571" d"
iS7d (Id

13> 75

9.S dd

176 4d

11711 ""

976 "o

$ Cts.

• 75

o 25

$

:ts.

34475

00

12875

Od

9S6

Od

$ cl>

3S597

'63553 ,?"

22(11 16 51

1679S 4(1

2552 15
$243.So7 35

$ CIS

4S3

IS

I. — {Continued)

IT IS.

Masonry in 1.

uo

K-wal

>lo
do

s, l:ici' anil Ci
("iilvcils .. ,
lf:n'kini^. . . .

Kiilibli' Masonry in Ci'mont

(.'oncii'ti' Miisoniy

Hatlcicil Wall in CiMncnl

TinibiT in loumlations .

\Vroii^;IU Iron, in ilo

Cast Iron

Milri' Sills conijiK'ti'

I.ocU (iates conipli'lf

C'ulvcrl dales coniiilcte

piiii;- .C". yils.

.. ilo
. , .lo
.. do
. . .U.
, .I.inl. fl

Ll's

. do

(.)uaninii'-

0727

.574

15191

S,5o

'54

455<'
'"55''
145O"

!\iiiis, C/i/'s, aiui I'liHij,' I'yaiii-.

Kxcavation C. yds,

rim- Tinihir Linl. ll

rianU, including SpiUe K. 15. M

Wroiij^lil Iron Lbs

Stone lining C yils

Hatlcred Wall in Cenicnl . . do

.Slope or ravenienl wall . . do

Linini; \\ illi Chip slone, itc do

ColTiV Pain, lo f>c iriiioTn/.

Pine Timber I,inl. fl,

Slone lillini; C. yds,

Linini;, willi earth, \e do

Work Ai Ml SiiRi.Kv's Rapids.

1.0, k No. j().

'S7

".>vt"
24OS00

.JOJOO

HJ2.S0

5.5

4'7'»

700

Joi)lo

l2()o

I'.xcavalion of KocU.

k\o I'larth.

KinbanUnienl

,...r. yds

(to
do

ilo
.lo
do

Masonry in Lock -walls, face and c 'lini;

do do Culverts

do do HacUini;

Rubble Masonry in Cement . . do

Concrete Masonry do

Timber in foundation Linl. ft.

Wrou};lit Iron in ilo Lbs,

Cast Iron do

Mitre Sills complete

Lock dates complete

Culvert dates complete

10420
S()4o

-!475
i.|S

5<'4')
.525

2020
45""'
57««>

I'ria

$ Cts.

1.^ "O
17 00

" 75
4 75
() 50

4 Oil

o 17

" '5

O ll.

0 2n

1 00

" .?5

$ Cts.

<) 2S

" 25

'5 5"

1<) o()

7 25
4 0"
f' 75
o 17

" «5

o 10

.\niount.

1

-'5

1071

-:5

1 )

15

17001

00

0

00

4').?(>

00

0

lo

40J0

<.o

0

5"

i)()40

00

4

< M>

212

00

1

75

7.! '.5

25

( t

5"

.)5"

0( \

4IS2 00

2520 00
.141 00

20S40 Oi\''

22S2 50
2160 00

.?S,5()2 50

2SI2 00

4i'9<>- 75

1592 5"

45" ""

.M.? 4"

•'75 ""

57S 00

()25 00

6200 00

55" ""

Toial.

.$ CIS

2279s ' '2

4454.5 5"

()i)4j 00
$327773 62

$ Cts.

252S2 50

93261) 15

4!)

I (f'(>///iiiit,,/.)

I ii:\is.

/■ 'nil ,111.1 ( I ii>.

i:\i'.\\:\ii,)ii III I-:, mil ,• |_^

I'liu' riiniHi I ii'i 'Yj"'

I'. H. M

<lo

C. V.lx
(in'

I'l.ink, iiu-lihliiit; >|Hkc . .

\\ iciiii;lu Itiim

Seine liliiiij;

iMllncil \\,ill in ( rinnil

Miiiiif; will) Cliiii ,|nn,., i;i.kv,l, fic. '

CiU/ri /\iiii t.t ■, /, v,ii,-v,/.

I'iiU' liiiiln'i

Menu- tilliiij;

Lining wiih iMiih, \c ' ' '

I 'ii.inlit its.

JDllQ

IJ1S20
iS^jdo

l<).(Jn
lOJi.
"17

I.iiil. II.
I', vds.
il.i'

.iSo

I'AiMv;iliiiri ,if kdcL,

<1" l-.ailji.
l'mli:inkiiiL'iil

* . vd
. .1,1

M.ix'iliy ill l.,,ck w;ill>, l;,.v .,|„l a,|,ii,i.

"Ill CiiUnls

'Ill I'.u-kini;

Kiilililc .Masniiiy in v'.'iui.nt

I'nlUTl'U' M;l-.ii|lly

li.iliiu'il W.ill in Cfiiicni

TiIIiIh'I ill I■'(lllll,l,llil,|l^

Wiinii;lil Inni in ,|ii . .

t'a.sl linn

Milii' .Sills (.niiipK.it. Y .

I.')fk micv ciiiniilclc ... !......

' 'ulvcii L;aiiN i-niii|ik'ic

■ In

5"! I 1

.Si. 1 5

,Mli. h

ISKI4

liSi

2i\

n.\i

05711

ISndn

-".vl"

/'./

'II ,llli! (.',111,1. A,

KM-avalinii n| K.uili

liiiili.iiiknR'iii

I'lMc'rimliir

I'lank, incUiiliiiM Spike . . . .

\\ riHij.;lil liiiii .'

Smiic lilliiii; • ■ ■ • ■

ItalkTol W'all ill Cciiiciu. .'. , . . .. ,

Slope (11 r.iviiiunt w.ill .

I^iniiij,' Willi cliip siniR., Kiavtl, ^i'.

■•..(. v.l-.

.1(1

I.iiil. 11,

• ...K.ll M.

U.S.
.. C. v,|s.

li,l

.1.1

WoKK A I l)K|\ Knil UKs.

/■o,hJVos. 41, 4^., 4.y ,jWy^.

I'xca»ali,jn of rock . . n 1

•I" I'.arlli f

l.mlwnkiDcni

lo

S()o
.il-'.»lo
.».Sj,Soo

IS 1510

S".>i<i

4.)4"
M.SI

.iS40
50900
20610

""■^- .Vninlllll.

.•P IN.

11 15

(1 I I

I) 711

4 ,io

.1 5,1

n JO
I On

$

Is.

Tolai.

.f I (>

5' II I nil

1^-7.; 00

i'ln.) iH>

i'KIJ (ill

l.vi"4 Co

.Sj;;(i nil

.^iiS 50

147(1 00

5 JO 00

<)<) 00

4X7,17 .S«>

2<ii)5 00

$i6<),{75 '5

S7'li

7 7,S
.v(45 4'J

|||4,S7I 4u

()

s' 1

',i4,5<;2 VI

1 II 1

104.(0 on

/

1 II 1

i-7.iS« 00

.1

(In

777.S 00

I)

HO

1 S-'4 <io

I

>'■>

5o<l.( no

1 ;

1110 <)(>

' ,S

-'-'S') 00

10

1

-'ii,i4 00
JI90 00

KM 75 00

-'-75 '1"

.i'.Sf>,i4 .)0

-•,s

: 074 nil

-.s

1 -'IS no

i,S

40,S0| 5,,

2(1 00

<)050 00

10

15151 00

1 on

So,)lo uo

4.5''

I002 00

J (1 )

S()So 00

5»^>

7^5 5"

.).>J.?S <">
$5SJS4.? 70

I 90

25

'5

6726 00

12725 00

.{091 50

22542 00

")U

I — {Con finned.)

ITKMS.

Masonry in Lock Walls, face and copiii};. C. yds.

do Culverts do

do Hackintj do

Rubble Masonry in cement do

Concrete masonry do

Timber in foundations Lin), ft.

Plank in .lo K. H. M.

Wrought Iron in do Ll)s.

Cast Iron do

Mitre .Sills complete

Lock gates complete

Culvert gates complete

<.>uantilies

Dam and Canal Banks. \

Excavation C. yds.

Embankment do

Pine Timber I.,inl. ft.

Plank, including .Spike P". B. M,

Wrought Iron. Lbs.

Stone tilling . .C. yds.

Battered Wall in Cement do

Slope or Pavement Wall do

Lining with chip stone, gravel, &c do j

Coffer Dam.

Pine Timber

Stone /illing

Lining with Earth, &c.

Linl.ft.
.C. yds. I

(lo I

Work aj Johnsion's Rai'Ids.

Loil-s No. 4S and i^d.

Excavation of Koek C. yds.

do Earth do I

Embankment do i

Ma.sonry in Lock walls, face and coping . . . do

do do Culverts do !

do do Backing ........ do

Rubble Masonry in Cement do j

Concrete Masonry do |

Timber in foundations Linl. ft.j

Plank do K.B.M.!

Wrought Iron in Foundations. ... Lbs.

Cast Iron do do

Mitre Sills, complete

Lock Gates do

Culvert Gates do ....

Dam and Canal Banks,

Exeava'.ion C. yds.

Embankment . . .. . . do

Pine Timber Linl. ft.

Plank, including Spil e F.N.M.

5S0
240S

3201 lO

146200

jIOO

20340

720
22130

176250

I 9S600

72630

3S5.5S
3272
5969

555

1S430
3000
1200

5005
57150
1 0964

4201
296

944S
59"
750

"531'

43400

4800

11560

1790

26280

175640

465600

1.5 5"
iS 00

6 75

5 On

7 00
17

2(1 00

15
10

1 00
15
15

20 00

10
80

4 00

2 on
(o

20
00

35

2 00
3"
15

15 00

20 00

7 25

5 25

7 20

16

20 00

15

10

75
«5
•4

20 00

2900 00
16S56 00

5593 >"'
2924 00
466 50
2034 (.0
2190 00
18650 00
2275 00

72(! 00

3319 5"

26437 5"

3972 00

7263 00

30830 40

1308S 00

1193S 00

277 5"

292447

3686 00

3000 00

420 00

97S45 9"

7106

CiO

$419941

_4^

1 1 120 00

17145 no

1644 60

63150 00
5920 00

68498 on
3097 50
5300 00
1844 80
868 00
720 00
1 1 56 00
1250 0<1

IIooo 00
1300 00

•342 so

3942 00

24589 60

9312 GO

29909 6(1

164104

rn

I. — {Coutimivd.)

ITKMS.

Wrouglii Iron r ,

Stone Fillinf,'. .. ;. '^

IJaiierfd Wall in CenK-nt .'.!.'. IT'

Slope or Pavement Wall ... d,,

Liiiing with Chip Stone, Gravel, kz. . '. '. '. '. '. ,lo

Co/rc'r Dam.

I'ine Tinilier l :„i r.

Stone Filling '. l^ml ft.

Lining with Karth, etc . ....'.'.'.'.".'.'..'.' '.'. ' (f,, "

Work AT I'lein Chants Cm- i

<)uantitie.s

Kxcavation of I
limhanknient., ,

Locks. Nos
ck. . . .

47 and 4^.

. C. yds.
. do

77720

2S340

190

S282

iiSs

17800
2000

Ij20

-Mas

jnry in Lock walls, face and copinir
''" do Culverts

,. ,,"" <1<' Hacking.

Kiihlile .Masonry in Cement.

Concrete do '

Tiniher in Foundations ..,

\yrought Iron in Foundations
Cast Iron do

Mitre .Sills, complete

Lock (Jates, complete

Culvert (Jates, complete

do

do

. . . . do

do

. . . . do

Lineal feet.

Lb.s,

Ll)s,

17614
9200

Dam.

E.xcavation n \

fine Timber '. V. r jn,^' f!'

Plank, including Spike ....■." p o M

Wrought Iron i*- «• M.

Stone filling V.' p ^"■'*-

Battered Wall in Cement .".'.'.".■.■.■.■ " V

Lining with Chip Stone, fJravel, sic .'.'.'.'. do

Work at Kapidf. dela Rosk.

Loik No. tfg.

Excavation of Rock r «ric

Embankment ".'.'.".'.'.".'.*. do

Masonry in Lock walls, face and coping. do

do do Culvert-s........ ,io

,. ,,, '•" do Backing ' ,io

Kubbie Masonry in Cement. . . 7. , ,,

Concrete Masonry do ,1"

Timber in Foundations V ini f.

Wrought Iron do jt

Cast Iron \ ... .. ;.' .■;.■;;;;; • \,j"

Prices. Amount.

$ cl.s.

II

75
4 75
2 00

50

20

I 00

.30

3995

19 00

226

23 00

9366

7 30

•35

6 00

ss

S25

2540

17

6050

IS

8780

10

.530

06250

1S8500

SO

15

20 00

31700

10

1590
120
400

40

4 90

50

2650

• 75

8420

30

2200

18 00

•48

22 00

5096

7 IS

280

I 75

70

8 00

2020

17

4500

IS

5780

lo

$ cts.

8549 20

21255 00

902 50

16564 00

592 50

Total.

$ cts

87049 30

3560 00

2000 00

396 00

5956 00

$ 287019 2„

' 75
30

36S24 50
2760 00

75905 00
5198 00

68371 80
810 00
701 25
431 So
907 50
878 00
940 00

8475 00
975 00

335S4 5'

163593 35

265 00

9937 So
3770 00
3170 00

636 0(J

588 00
200 00

18566 50
$215744 35

4637 50
2526 00

39600 00
3256 00

36436 30
1610 00
560 00
343 4"
675 "o
578 00

7163 5,

-( Coiitiniicii,)

ITKMS.

Milrc siils, CDiupIt'tc
Lock gams do
('ulvcrt gates do

Dam.

Kxcavalion C. yds.

I'ine Timber . . Linl. ft.

Plank, including Spike F. I!. M.

Wrought Iron . Lb.^.

Stone Killing C. ydp

Rubble Masonry i!(i

Lining with Chip Stone, (Iravel, etc. . . do

WoKK Ai I'akesskhn Ciiutk.

1.0(k< Nos ■,-() and j/.

Excavation of Rock.
Knibanknient

C. yds

. do

copul

AJasonry in Lock walls, tatc ami

do do Culverts do

do do Hacking do

Rubble Masonry in Cement da

Concrete Masonry in Cement do

Tind)er in Foundations Linl . It

Wrought Iron in Foundations Lbs

Cast Iron do

Mitre Sills, complete. ...

Lock ( iates, do

Culvert Gates do

Ouantities,

Dam.

Lxeavalion C. yds.

I'ine Timber Linl. ft.

riank, including Spike.. . F'.H.M.

Wrought Iron Lbs.

Stone Filling C. yds

Battered Wall in Cement do

Lining with Chip Stone, (jravel, itc. . . . do

Work a r rEirr 1'aressp.u.\ Ratids.

Locks Nos 2 2 and ^j.

Excavation of Rock C. yds,

I'mbankment do

Masonry in Lock walls, face and coping. . do

do do Culverts. . . do

do do Hacking.., do

Rubble Ma.sonry in Cement do

Concrete Ma.sonry do

.57"
619S0

I S Km 10
2S660

388
49"

8lo(j

4125
226

9^'5
200
86
2540
60^0
8780

.53"
15120

(JboOo

9140
160

IS"
2520

20675
8760

3727
226

8464

310

86

Prices,

lis.

3"

'5

lo

I I M I

4 75
5"

2 25
25

17 00

21 no

7 n.,

5 5"
7 90

17
15

'5

20 00

Id

5"

4 75

50

1 75
25

17 00

2! 00

7 00
5 so
7 90

Aninunl.

$ Its.

625 00
5"5« ""

650 DO

IS5 00

9297 no
5620 00
280() 00
8371) 00
1843 (.0
245 00

Total.

$ (Is.

S99H3 70

74564
2025

70125 00

4746 oO
68705 00

1 loO 00
679 40
431 80
907 50
878 00
940 00

S700 00

975 ""

165 00

2268 oO
1920 00

914 00
80 00

712 50
1260 00

36i8i 25
2190 00

63359 00
4746 00

59248 00

1705 00

679 40

26426 00
$'2.5573 20

7<'5''^9

1 58 1 87 7,

7319 5"
$242096 20

38371 25

\~{C(»iliiiii(d.)

Ill : MS.

'riinlicr in limiidaii.iii
\N'ri)iiL;lu Iron in ilo

Cast Iron

Milio Sills, cnm|ilij|i'
Luck (iatcs, ccMn|ikic.
• 'uK-crl <laiL-s. cnni|jlL'l

1;"*^'^^!'"" Cul,icy,ls,

I iiif J niilicr {Jul j,

rianli, inchiilint; SjjiUL' \-\ \\' \\

Widiii^lu Iron ' ij,^'

SlonL' lillinLT ' \ ' '('-_' " 1^"

T,.tal.

$ 1-1 >.

lialloix'd wall in Cement

J-inini,' Willi Chip -^Iohl', !;ravcl, Cvc.

\V'')KK AT Tai.ON ClIUlK.

I.ork.^ No<. J./, jj aih/ jO.

1-Acavation of Kocl-;

Knilankmcni

do

do

645

I 1 1 If)! M 1
jl'l/OO

5'7S"

744"

4"

676

MaMiniy in Lock Walls, face and copini;.

ilo do Cldvcils

'1" do I5ackinf4

Kiililile Masonry in Ccnicni . .'.

Concrete

i"'lai;t;int; "

Tirnlier in foundations. lj

Wronijht Inn '

Cast Iron

.Mitre Sills, complete . .'

Lock (Jales, complete

Culvert Cates, complete ''

•. yds.

27S00

do

29100

do

60S3

do

,J"4

ilo

1 46 J I

d(}

9.S0

do 1

.S6

do j

35«

nl. It.l

-54"

Lbs.

6050

do

I '77"

/htlll.

Jr.-^"J,^.''',"i C. y,ls.

inelmiber ... . lj,,, ^j

1 lank, incUidint,' Spike p_ ]j_ ■^\

Wrouj^ht Iron ' j j,^"

Stone'liliinj; .'..".".'.'.'.'('■.' yds'

Battered Wall in Cement ,|,,

Linini; with Chip stone, &c '"' do

WOKK AT Tm.ON LaIvK.

/.Oik A'li. 5-7,

K.xcavation of Rock (j_ yds

Kniliankment ...... 'do

Masonry in Lock walls, face and coping. . . do

<lo do Culverts do

<lo ti" Hacking do

Rubble Masonry in Cement do

Concrete Masonry ,]q

65
9700

JjSoo

54""
760

47
226

9200
6600

2097
148

474"

116

68

3"
•5

2o (Ml

4"

4 75

5"

975 ""

16655 ""
6214 00

SI75 ""

2976 00

190 00

.i.?8 00

14 1 894 70

' 75

.5"

1.5 5"

17
6

5"
75
25
75
75
17
'5

48650 0.1
8730 00

82107 01

5,52(1 00

987 9 25

5145 00

666 50

626 50

43 1 80

9"7 ^"

1177 00

1250 00

1 1670 00

l.?oo 00

31850 50

$222116 45

- 573S':

I

1)1 >

65 00

0

'5

00

lo

'455 ""
676 00

54" ""

4

4"
5"
5"

3"4 ""
211 50

"3 ""

209360 55

2 00

25

13 5"
'7 5"

6 75
5 25

7 75

1S400 00
1650 00

28209 5"
2590 00

31995 ""
609 00

527 00

3364 5"
^270105 05

20050 CX)

■")t

\.—{('i>utiniii;L)

ITKMS.

i,>uanlities. ' I'liccs.

Timlicr in fiiuiidntions. .
Wrought Iron in iKi

Cast Iron

Milre Sills, complL'ic. . .
Lock (iates ciinipKlc ..
Culvert dates complote.

, I.inl. ft.
. . .Lli.s.
, . do

2020
4500

5 78"

Dam. !

K;xcavnti()n .Cubic yds.

I'ine Timber Linl. ft.

I'lank, including Spiku . !•'. li. M.

Wrought Iron Lbs.

Stone filling C. yds.

Battered wall in cement (lo i

Lining witli Chip .Stone, Ciravel, etc do |

Work on Summh Lk\ ki..

Summit (id hetwcen Nipiss'nii^ and 'Irotil l.iike^.

Excavation of I-^artli (J. yds.

do of Kock do

215

17200

72300

903.1

iSSo

65

300

Excavation of Rock in Trout Lake do

do do Turtle do do

do do Tur'ie outlet do

do Karth in Turtle Outlet .... do

Guard Lock l/c/ii;-ei! Niphsinf^ and Trout /.akis.

Excavation of Kock .
Embankment

(". yds

do

Masonry in Lock Walls, face and coping . do

do do Hacking do

Concrete Masonry do

Timber in foundations Linl. feet.

Wrought Iron in foundations Lbs.

Cast Iron do

Mitre Sills, complete.

Lock {iates, complete

4f>.5470
3552f)0

I7S74"

iS4S40

32 II 00

1456

igbo

1665

3004

136

4040

()0(ll>

8780

Work at tiik Cuaudiekf. I'ortace and at
THE OuiT.Eis OK Lake Nipissixc.

I, Oiks Nos. jS, 59 aiiel 60.

Excavation of Rock C. yds. i

Embankment do

Masonry in Lock Walls, face and coping , . do

do do Culverts do

do do Backing do

4^55"
41500

5SS6

374
12392

$ cl.s.

■5

10

I 00

'5

20 00

lo

3"

4 75

50

2 25

2 2i

I 75
25

00
3"

10

7
7

3"

75
5-'
17

'5

10

2 25

.3"

17 S"
21 50

7 5"

.Xmounl.

$ els.

343 40

675 Oo

57iS 00

625 00

5S00 00

650 OCI

215 00

25<So 00

1446 00

90 J 00

564 eo

3"^^ 75

15.) 00

Tot,-'

$ ci..

J3 , 169214 5,,

00 : 7I0520 00

395415 00

190890 00

561925 00

364 00

72301 90

6166 75
$98518 65

67660

588

27472
23281

Io2o

686

135"

878

1250

7855

00
00

5"
00
00
So

t)0

00
00
00

II0237 50
12450 00

977S5 00

8041 00

92670 00

•"^79734 5"

1 148594 00

6S248 00

63793 3"

$2160369 80

122687 5"

I. — {Continued)

n KMS.

Quantitii.'s

Kiililile Masonry in Cement c yds

Concrete Masonry ' ' J|J

Tinil)er in Foundations

VV'routjht Iron, in do

Cast Iron

Mitre Sills, complete . '. " ' ' "

Lock (iates, complete

Culvert (iates, complete '. ... .

Linl. ft,
. . . Lhs,
. .. do

I 'rices.

$ cts

Am( lint.

Total.

173
•36

10560
14450

00

25

17

'5
ro

$

cts,

Daiin

^^"T CuLicyds,

Ine Timber^.,. Linl. ft.

I'lank, inchidinL' Spdce. . i.- n m

Wromdit Iron.. ... I • H. M.

)iif;lit Iron
ne I

tere

Lining,' wilh Chip Stone, (iraVel, \\:c

Stone FilliniT r„i -.H"

u.if ,. ] w M • /. .tuliic yds,

Mattered Wall ni Cement ,],,

do

W

OHK AT rilK Ka.'II

'li lif IJlI.SSO.N.

400

39600

II5SOO

23 1 00

5140
1568
1830

I 00

'5

20 00

lo
I 2S

4 75
5"

/,('(■/• No. 6\.

Kxcavation of Rock (.,1,;^ j

r.nd)ankinenl . . y^=.
do

Masonry in Lock Walls, face and coping. , , do

''" <!<> Culvoris ... do

,, , , , ''" ''" Backing ..." ,io

Kul)l)le Masonry in Cement ,io

Concrete Ma.sonry ,

Timber in Foundations ,.',', \\1\\,

Wroughtiron in do ... i^ml. tt.

Cast Iron ^''•'^'

Mitre Sills complete .,......'..'. '

Lock elates complete

1 0400

2700

1995

14S
4380
96
70
2020
4500
5780

2 oO
25

16 00
20 00

7 25

5 75

7 (>(»

17

15

10

1038 00
986 00

774 52

15S4 00

1445 "II

1565 00

1 3000 00

1625 CiO

400 00
5940 00
2316 00
2310 00
6425 00

7448 00
915 ""

-20483 52

Culvert Gates complete.

Dam and Piers. i

Kxravation /• 1 • ,

I'.ne Timber Cubic yds.

I'lank, including Spike ...■■" l' "n ,';

Wrought iron. ..... '^^ ^■^'

Stone Filling .... rV-' ."'

Battered Walls in CementV.V. ^"'"c yds.^

Lniing with Chip Stone, Gravel, etc. . .' .' do i

WOKK AT RaI'IDK he I'AKISIK.W

f-"(k No. 62.

lixcavation of Rock. . r 1

Knibankment ... ^- T

• do

1130

I 00

S9410

15

64400

20 Co

32410

10

I32I4

I 00

76

4 60

1510

50

20800 00

675 00

31920 00
2060 00

3175s "o

552 00

490 Oo

343 40
675 00
57S 00
625 00
5200 00
650 00

1 130 Oo

1 34 1 1 5"
3288 00
3241 00

13214 00

25754 |"|

$368925 o;

21475 Oo

7574S

40

8050
6700

Of)
30

349 60

755 00

35.3S9 lo '

$132612 50

16100 00

2010 00

i8i 10 00

5(;

I — [Coiitiiititd.)

ITKMS.

MrisDnryin l.cck Walls, face and copinj,' Cul)ic yils.

ik) ( iilvort ilo

do Hiifkiny do

Kiiblile Masonry in CcniLMil do

Concrete do do

Tindier in Foimdaiions F^ini. ft.

Wrought Iron in I'oiuidations ihs.

Cast Iron lbs,

Mitre Sills complete

Lock (iaies coni|)lete

'"iilverl dates complete

PiXins and Piirs.

l-!xcavation c-f Rock Cubic yds.

Tine Tindiei Link ft.

riank, including Spike F. 15. M.

\\'rouglit Iron Lbs.

Stone i-'illin„' Cubic yds.

lialtered W.ill in Cement ... do

Lining with Chip Stone, Ciravel, etc. . . . do

WuKK Ar Lk. CKAM) Kki OI.I.Kr AMI

ri-'.iii Ki-.( oi.i.Ki.

lixcavalion of Kock Cubic yds.

Knihanknieiit d<i

.Masonry in Lock walls, face ar.d coping do

do do Cid verts do

do do Hacking (' <

Rubble Masonry in Cement no

Concrete .Masonry do

Timber in Foundations Link ft.

Wrought Iron in Foundations lbs.

Cast Iron in do do.

Mitre Sills crimplete

Lock ( iates complete

Culvert (iates complete

Loose Stone I'lived Cubic yds.

Daiiii and Piers.

Fxcavalion of Rock Cubic yds.

Pine Timber Link ft.

riank incluiling Spike F. 15 M.

Wrought Iron Lbs.

Stone' Filling Cubic yds.

Hattered Wall in Cement do

Lining with Chip Stone, Cravel, etc. . . do

Coffer Dam to ie reniored.

I'ine Timber Link ft.

Stone Filling Cubic yds.

Lining with earth, etc do

< >uanti'ies

1995
l4cS

177

70

2o20

4500

57,So

:.)"4"

95'**"*
lO.Co

599'*
320
267

1695(1

2320

148

5005

95"

.^5

loio

2250

57S'>

60

47650
S4200
1.5630

581S
iS

240

0540
800
260

Trie

$ cts.

'5 25
19 25

7 25

5 75
t) So

17

'5

lo

/3

"5

20 00
10
•'5

4 5"

2 00

25

14 75

iS 75

7 00

5 60

6 60
17
15

to

' 5'*

« 50
15

20 CO

10

4C

4 25

50

20
60
60

.\moiml.

$ cts.
.i"423 75

2849 Oo

31769 S'*

"*i7 75
476 00

.54.5 40

(>75 00

57S QO

025 00

5200 00

650 00

202 50

()456 00

1900 00

i()i6 oo

y^')}> 50
1440 00

'i.i 5'^

3393,. 00
1250 00

90 oO

7M7 5'*
i68^ 00

1363 on

2326 00

70 50

120 00

1308 00
480 00
156 00

Total.

."P cl>.

74O07 4"

5''4

34220 00

J775 ""

35655 ""

^ ^2o 00
231 00
171 70

.>,57 5"
578 .,0
625 00
56:0 00
650 00
225 oo-

$108358 90

.55 ' 5'

86448

12807 00

1944 00

W.

$136349 20

■u

'• — {CoHti lined.)

rri:.\is.

\VnKKs Ai Lks I'kiuKn DaI.I.Ks, AVI,

"iiii.u drii.Kis.

I.ihk No. (14.
""'■'''"'^1< C.il,;

■ALMVillU)

Kill!

liuiloucnl.

do
.1..

do

ill

Mas.mry, L„rl< walls, face ar.,1 cu^nn^.

''" ll" CUlVLTtS

,, ,;'," „ '1" liackini; ■.

Kiilihlc .Masonry in ccinciu ...

< 'oiu-iL'to Masonry \

Tinihcr in foundations. . i ;,!i"f,

^yr,ulKllt iron in d,. '.;. ''""j,"

Casi iron in do _ ''

Milro .Sills C()in|)lt;lt' \ , ,

Lock galL's conipk'tc ..........

Culvurt i;atcs coni|>k'i(,' ... .........

. Culiic yils,
. . . Linl. ft.

/hv/is ,111 J Pios.

r..\('avation

I'lnu Timber . . . ...... .'.'.'.' '

I'lank including; .Sjiilvc. '. . . V V w

Wrought iron.' ,, ■

Stone lillins- •■••.••";'*•

lialtcredwallsincc.nK.nl ^ "hic yds

Lining with Chip Stone, Cravel, etc." .' .' .' ,1,',

,,. „. , '^"ff'^'^ /''«« to U rciiiorcd.

I ine rniiber. . . t • ■ r

Stone lining.... ••|:'"'-['-

Linin- with Chip Stone, Cravei,' etc.'.'.'. '" "'do ''

58

J.

f!ll.\l> ( '\N'.\I, Ol.I. I JNK

riKMS.

I.Oiki Noi. 1, 2, 5, 4. 5 iiihl Gitar,/ Lock.

Kxcavnliciii of Kartli

ilo (iiiL'i>s Kiick . .

ill. Linu'siiinc Kuck .
Kmliankniunt

, . Cubic yds,
.1.1

Masonry inL.ick Walls, fan: aii.l cipiiii^

(1.1 .1(1 Ciilvcils

(1.) .1(1 I'ackin^

Kuhblc Masonry in Ccnicnt

Coni-rcte Masonry

Timber in foini.lalions

Wroni^ht Iron in foun.lalions

Ca.si Iron

do

do

.... .1.)

Linl. ft.

Lbs.
d.>

I'lank in foun.lalion> F. li. M.

Milre Sills, c.in\|>lcte

Lock (iatcs, con)|)Ict(.t

Culvcrl (iatus, c. uniilclc

Dam iiiiii Cril's, HiiJ^oii's Poi)it.

Pine Tindicr Linl. t'l.

I'lank inclu.linj; spiku !•'. I',. .M.

Wr.iui^ht Iron lbs.

.Stonc tillint; Cubic y.is.

BaltorL'.l Wall in CL'm(,'nl .l.i

Slope or jiavciiic'iil Wall dn

Lininj^ with Chip St. inc. (iravi'l, \c. . il.i

Coffer i/aiii lo h ycntovcd.

Pine Tindiei

Stone Killinc:

Lining with earth, etc.

• Juaniiiic;

9370CJ
32127,.
155420

56S1.1

"'444
74S

24077
69.1

12. 1. 1
2445.)
16915
2922.1
57,5"o

i.)i5.io

2S75.1

1 42.1 1

•5'5

.579<'>

600

1 1 SSo
576

Price

$ Cts.

" 5"
.5"

16

6

4
6

3"
SO

Oo
16

'5

lo

15

20 110
III

So
4 .10
I 50

40

26

2.1

5"

.\ni. mil.

Tolr.l.

$

2.5425
«'»".5i75
2.5.5',;"

ii.,4,i

12552.S

I'l.s.

< H 1

Oo

.10

. 1. )

00

. Ml

5"
0.1
00

44

25
1 10
0.1
..0
00
00

00
no
0.1
So
. 1. 1
00
0.1

Co

So

O.'

$ els.

1070773 00

li()6S

1565.10

■.5'"5
72.10

.5<)i.5

25,57
2922

1146

.5125

254,55

.5250

1.5S45
.5''<,5o

2S75
115(1.1

11060

5<^04
240

2,57f>
1666

2.SS

... •

3.}645o 19

4.5904 So

43.5" !^o
$1465438 79

January 2nd, 1860.

(Signed,)

THOS. C. CLARKE,
P^nginecr Ottawa Survey.

m

Mt/.i'ui S/t7i'arl, Eii/.y

Attiiifrcd! Ol/iihui C^ (ni>>,i^iii'i /uiy Cniutl Cc . Olltraui, Cnixii/ii.

Dkak SiK : —

I have the honor to submit the following Report, bringing down to the |)resent date
the matters treated upon in my Report of lSTx),

(Ireat changes have taken |)la(:e since that Re])ort demonstrated the feasibility of
im))rovmg the Ottawa and i'Vench Rivers into one ot the greatest ciiannels of commerce.
What was then only a scientific disc ussion has now become a matter of great importance
to two nations

Including together the present exports from the basin of the (Ireat Lakes, both in
the L'n'ted States and Canada, there is enough traftic in sight to warrant a large ex[)en-
diture in o|)ening a new route, if the conditions are such that the cost of transportation
between the Lakes and the Ocean can he diminished. Canada alone does not at ])re-
sent furnish enough traffic The Ottawa route must he treated as an international one.

Two remarkable changes have taken place during the last ten years, which have
each resulted in greatly lessening the cost of water transiwrtatton ; one, ujMjn the L akes
and the other between the North Atlantic i)orts of the United States.

'l"he construction of the locks at the outlet of Lake Superior has devoloped a traftic)
vast in si/e, and differing from all others in the world, in that it enables vessels to get
full cargoes in both directions during the whole season of open navigation.

The U. S. lake ports will all be deepened to 20 feet very soon. Steamers now
carry cargoes of 6,000 tons of grain and iron ore eastward to South Chicago, Cleve-
land and liuffalo, and take back cargoes of coal to ujjper Lake jiorts. It is a well-known
axiom that the larger the vessel the cheaper it can handle freight. These 6,000 ton
steamers have carried grain from Chicago to IJuffalo for 1 ,';;;, cts. per bushel, which is
less than one half ot one mill per ton-mile. Hence there has arisen a popular demand
for shij) canals of 20 or even 25 feet deep, from the Lakes to the Ocean. Kven if such
canals were built and could be used free of tolls, no such economy of transpoitation t)y
large steamers could take place as in the open lakes.

The rate of speed of thirteen miles an hour would be reduced to five, as in the
Suez Canal. Canal traffic would not give full cargoes in l)oth directions, and more
detention in port would be necessary than at Cleveland or Duluth where whole cargoes
of 6,000 tons of coal or ore have been handled by machinery in le^s than one day.
The large steamer is a very expensive machine, and if she were not able to make as
many trips per season as she now does, much of her economy would be lost.

It does Mf)t now seem possible, except at a prohibitory cost, to deepen the Ottawa
navigation to 20 feet, and fortunately it is not necessary.

The second change, which has resulted in lessening the cost of transportation be-
tween Atlantic ports, suggests the true method of improving th<' Ottawa.

Some ten years since all coal was carried between the shii^ping ports of Philadel-
phia and New York to other .\tlantic ports, chiefly of New luigland, in single collier
steamers, at a cost of $1.50 to $1.75 per ton.

Now it is carried in tows of three or four large barges drawing from 16 to 18 feet of
water, towed by a single powerful tug boat, This tug does not wait in port for coal to
be loaded or unloaded, but each tug has many barges, and she picks up her tow of full .
or empty barges without detention, as a locomotive does cars. In this way many trips
are made per season. The distance between I'hiladelpliia and l>oston and return is
about 800 miles, and coal is now carried for an average of 75 cents per ton, which is nine-
tenths of a mill per ton-mile.

This economy of transportation has increased the coal traffic to some twenty-five
million of tons annually, which is as great as the tonnage annually passing through the
Detroit River. The use of these tows of barges is fast increasing upon the Upper
Lakes.

All these facts have been clearly set forth by Maj. T. W. Symons, U. S. Engineer
Corps, in his admirable and exhaustive report to the U. S. Congress in 1897. He shews
that if the Erie Canal were deepened to 11 feet and grain were carried in tows of barges
of 15C0 tons capacity, it could be carried from Chicago to New York, including reason-

60

able transhipment char|»es at Muffalo from lar^c steamers into canal boats, for less than

steamers of 20 feet draft conld carry it throu>;h the Eric ("anal if that could possibly be

deepened to over 20 feet, and steamers run continuously from (Chicago to New York.
In both cases tolls are not taken into account.

The estimated cost ot the 1 1 ft. canal is 50 million dollars and of the 20 ft. 200
millions.

The great value of the Ottawa navigation is this : Out of (^75 miles between
Chicago and .Montreal 591 miles is an inland or perfectly protected navigation, leaving
but 3S4 miles of open lake. In o|)en lake a speed of 41 j miies an hour can be made by
tows of barges. In the i)rotected portion an average speed often miles an hour can be
made. The cost of insurance by this route would be much less than by any other.

Uy the Welland and St. Lawrence route, there are gcji miles of ojien lake naviga
tion, and but 267 of inland or i)rotected navigation, The depth of the Welland and St.
Lawrence canals would limit the draft of barges to 13 '<^ ft. which is too shallow for na-
vigation in lakes such as Krie, subject to sudden violent storms. The rates of insur-
ance would be greater, and a k)nger time recpiired, owing to greater length, and slower
movement through the unprotected parts, would more than make u]) for the 22 days of
longer open navigation by the Welland route.

I recommend that the scale of the Ottawa navigation be fixed as follows: — Locks
300 ft. long X 45 ft. wide x 14 ft. deep, capable of passing steel barges 2S0 ft. long, 42ft.
beam and carrying 3,100 tons net on i^'/j ft. draft of water.

The excavated channels should be fifteen feet deep and have five times the area of
the vessel, with sufficient room for two vessels to pass each other, which would give a
width of iCio ft. on the bottom and 170 ft. at low water level.

The cost of carrying grain from one of the Lake ports, say Chicago, to Montreal by
the Ottawa route would be as follows : —

CAPACITY.

A tow would consist of three steel barges, each 280 x 42 x 20 feet, moulded depth,
carrying, on i3;{' feet draft, 3,100 net tons. These would be towed by a powerful tug
steamer capable of towing the barges at the rate of four and one-half miles per hour in
open lake, and ten miles per hour through the sheltered lakes and rivers of the O.tawa
navigation. The tug steamer would be capable of carrying a cargo of 1,200 tons, making
a total capacity of 10,500 tons.

TIME.

Open Lake —
Chicago to a point near the mouth of St. Mary's River— 380 miles at 4 j/2

miles per hour 72.2 hours.

Inland Lakes and Rivers —
St. Mary's River to French River, 160 miles
Ottawa navigation . . 40 r "

561 " at 10 56.1 hours.

29.3 miles at 2.9 10. hours.

Canals

Lockages i j4 minutes per foot

I ^2 X 4 = 6 X 682 ft
for each vessel 60 min.

68.2 hours.

206.5 X 2
In port

^413 hours.
91 hours.

Total 206.5 hours.

504 hours, or 21 days round trip.

The open season of navigation on this route, is limited by the
Nipissing and gives an open season of 213 days, or U/i round trips.

closing

of Lake

61

COST.

3urs.

purs,
purs.

Burs.

purs.

Lake

I tuy $ 1 25,000

4 l)ar^t■s (1 extra) at .$75,000. . . . 300,000

$4.»S,ooo interest and depreciation at
5 per cent

Insur.incc 011 liiiils, 2 per rent

" on c:arg()

(Joint; Kast 10 x 10,500 105,000 Tons.

" West ,' .; 35.000 "

.$21,250
.S,5oo

140,000 T(jns at $20.
.$2,Soo,()oo at
251:. per 100.
Expenses i)f tuji — full subsistence, wages anc

small repairs, $100 per day for 213 days. .

4 harges at i?7.5o i)er day — 30 x 2 1 3

Frofiis 1 o per cent

7,000

21

300

6

.590

(.

440

$70

S80

cts.

l)er

which divided by 140,000 Tons gives as the cost about soc. per ion, or i
hubhel.

It is absolutely essential to the success of this project that there should be ample
elevator facilities at the port of Montreal, so that ocean steamers should suffers no de-
tention. With such an elevator of the capacity of one million bushels as lately has been
built by the (Ireat Noithern Railway at |juffalo,the whole cost of elevating and storage
should uot exceed three quarters of a cent, making the total cost i)er bushel two and one
(|uarter cents, which is tar below the cost by any existing route, or than can be obtained
on the Welland and St. I^awrence route when the canals are completed.

This extremely low cost is based on the assumption o( full cargoes going E:ist, and
one third full going West. 'I'he larger the amount of business done, the more nearly
will this be realised, and the financial success (^f the scheme would be enhanced, if the
Ottawa navigation could be extended upon the same scale, through Lake Champlain to
New \'ork, the feasibility of which the U. S. Deep Water Ways Commission are now, it
is believed, investigating. IJy this route the distance from ("hicago to New- York, would
be about 1353 miles, ot which 3.S0 miles would be open lakes, 847 miles inland navi-
gation, and 1 26 miles of canals.

Hy similar calculations to those above given, eight trips could be made m an open
season of 235 days, and the cost would be 2 cts. per bushel, to which should be added
the present elevator and other charges at the port of N. Y , which are very high, amount-
ing to 1^2 cts. per bushel, or a total of 3)^ cents per bushel. Maj. Symons estimates
that when the Erie canal is deepened to nine feet and the locks lenghtened, wheat can
be carried from Cliicago to N. Y., for 3.67 cts., to which add N. Y., terminal charge,
1.50 cts., a total of 5.17 cts ; showing the superiority of the Ottawa route.

The cost of interest, maintenance and repairs, lock tending, electric lighting, etc.,
on the Ottawa route, would be borne by moderate tolls, and leases of water power, des-
cribed hereafter.

As com|)ared with the estimated cost of the Ottawa navigation in i860, there will be
an increase of ([uantities and a diminution of cost in item prices.

The increase of the size of the locks from 250 x 45 x 12 to 300 x 45 x 14, will in-
crease quantities. Also the enlargement of the prism of the excavated canal from 146 x
13 to 160 X 15, will increase quantities.

The locks at Grenville and Carillon, will have to be enlarged, The Lachine locks
will also have to be lengthened unless it is decided not to use the present crowded
Lachine Canal, and improve one of the branches of the Ottawa north of the Island of
Montreal.

Another increase of cost is due to tiie fact that Lake Ni[)issinL; cannot now l)e
raised by damming its outlets, as was proposed in i860.

The .-country around the summit lakes is now well settled and has many cultivated
farms, The town of North Bay, which would have to he moved back to prevent over-
flow, as some 2500 inhabitants. Thirty miles of the Canadian Pacific Railway would
have to be moved or raised.

The level of Lake Nipissing must still lie maintained from French River to the
Mattawan, 57 miles. This means lowering the level of Trout and Turtle Lakes to coin-
cide with tiiat of Nipissmg, which can be done. 'I'nis is the only way in which suffi-
cient water for lockages can be obtained. The total lockage will be reduced from 715
to 682 feet.

The amount of excavation will be increased, but it is believed that the extra cost of
this will not exceed what would have to be j^aid for damages if Lake Nipissing were
raised.

The i)lan of i860, which raised existing levels by dams on the French and Matawan
Rivers and on the Ottawa as far east as Chats Lake, can still be followed, as the shores
are steep and rocky, and but little land will be overflowed There are a few places
where sites of locks and dams may have to be changed, but not at an increased cost.

In i860 the whole Upper Ottawa was a wilderness. All materials and supjilies
above Deep River must then have been transported partly by teams and \iirt\y in
batteaux towed by horses, or poled by men. Now, the Canadian Pacific Railway can
deliver materials, supj^lies and men all along the route, and at far less cost.

Several locks of low lift cc n now be concentrated into one, as in accordance with
the best modern practice. This will reduce cost.

I am in favour of locating locks so that a duplicate lock can be built hereafter
alongside of the one first to be built.

I now advise constructing the locks of concrete (made from the stone near by) and
Portland cement. The lock walls can be protected by waling pieces of steel and oak,
thus saving much costly cut stone masonry.

The most important item of economy comes from the fact that the cost of the rock
excavation, which is the largest item of cost, can be gready reduced by the improve-
ments which have been made during the past few years in the use of ])ower drills, high
explosives, and better kinds of machinery for handling materials.

The air compressors and other machinery can in many cases be driven by electric
power derived from the river. The latest price paid for rock excavation on the Chicago
Drainage Canal was 590. per cubic yard, while the average price estimated for the Ottawa
improvements in i860 was generally from .$1.50 to $2.00 per yard.

I am not now prepared to revise the figures of cost made in i860, as this cannot be
done without further examinations and surveys, which will take several months to
properly carry out.

There are several very important economies in construction that can now be made
available, which could not in i860.

It is proper to point out that the most important change in the situation since i860
has come from the development of electrical transmission of power. The dams which
were designed by me in i860 were then, and are now, absolutely necessary to give suffi-
cient depth for navigation. These dams will also be the means of developing and con-
trolling water power for electric appliances.

I can state unreservedly that I know of no other jjlace in any manufacturing
country, Niagara Falls not excepted, where there is such an amout of water power as
this scheme can make available, both for manufacturing purposes and possibly for mov-
ing vessels rapidly through the locks.

It is proposed to construct 20 dams on the Ottawa with an average of 20 feet fall
each. The low water discharge of the Ottawa never falls below 1,500,000 cubic feet
per minute, of which one third should be allowed to run over the crests of the dams to

63

he

Dams cu. ft. per iniii. fall.

2_^±^jOoo^ocoxJ,2j4]h^^j^jo_v,e have 566,360 horse power.
4-1,000.

Adding that available on the Mattawan and French Rivers there will nrobablv be at
niinmnim, not less than 700,000 horse power prooaoiy t)e, at

amctint' "'"'""' '^''"^"''^" °^ '^'' '''''' ^""'^ ^'^^ "°^ '"« '^an >.. times this

All this can be made available, by the comparatively small expenditure necessarv
for flumes and the foundations of penstocks and turbines. The cost of the instalhtTon
of electric plant would vary greatly with the situation. installation

All of which is respectfully submitted by

(Sgd.) THOMAS C. CLARKE,

Consulting Engineer Montreal,

Ottawa <S: Georgian Bay Navigation.

Member Institution of Civil Engineers,

and of the American Society of

M,,., \- I I- 1 r „ C'^''^ Engineers.

^ew York, I<cb. 16, i8y8.